Soft Computing and Optimization Algorithms | Set 3
1. For k>1, which of the following concept can be used to generate other linguistic hedge?
Correct : C. concentration
2. Consider
A = {1.0, 0.20, 0.75}
B = {0.2, 0.45, 0.50}
A U B is
Correct : A. {1.0, 0.45, 0.75}
3. Consider
A = {1.0, 0.20, 0.75}
B = {0.2, 0.45, 0.50}
A ∩ B is
Correct : B. {0.2, 0.20, 0.50}
4. Mamdani-style inference involves which steps
Correct : C. both a and b
5. A __________ point of a fuzzy set A is a point x ∈ X at which µA(x) = 0.5
Correct : C. cross-over
6. Which statement is true?
Correct : C. takagi and sugeno\s approach follows precise fuzzy modelling and obtains high accuracy but at the cost of low interpretability
7. The height h(A) of a fuzzy set A is defined as
h(A) = sup A(x)
Correct : C. h(a)=1
8. Which can be used as an input to fuzzy controller?
Correct : B. a crisp set
9. What are the types of fuzzy logic sets?
Correct : C. both a and b
10. How is fuzzy logic different from conventional control methods
Correct : A. if and then approach
11. The height h(A) of a fuzzy set A is defined as h(A)=support A(x), where A belongs to A. Then fuzzy set is called normal when
Correct : C. h(a)=1
12. If A and B are sets and A U B= A ⋂ B then
Correct : A. a=b
13. If x is A then y is B else y is C. The output of the given fuzzy rule is
Correct : C. a fuzzy relation
14. What Is The First Step Of Fuzzy Logic Toolbox?
Correct : A. fuzzification of the input variables
15. What Is The Input And Output Of Step 2 - Apply Fuzzy Operator?
Correct : D. the input has two or more values and the output has a single truth value
16. What Is The Input And Output Of Step 3 - Apply Implication Method?
Correct : B. input is a fuzzy set but the output is a whole value
17. What Is The Purpose Of Aggregation?
Correct : A. to gather all the different fuzzy set outputs and combine them into a single fuzzy set outputs
18. Linguistic variable is
Correct : A. a variable whose values are words or sentences
19. Identfication of Input, Output and state variables is performed in which step of FLC?
Correct : D. identification of variables
20. Assigning linguistic label to each subset is done in which step of FLC?
Correct : D. fuzzy subset configuration
21. Disjuctive system of rules is used for system
Correct : A. that requires at least one out of all rules it satisfies
22. Conjuctive system of rules is used for system
Correct : B. all the rules to be jointly satisfied
23. Categorial reasoning form of fuzzy reasoning
Correct : A. the antecedent part of the rule does not contain any fuzzy quantifiers and fuzzy probabilities
24. Syllogistic reasoning form of fuzzy reasoning
Correct : C. antecedents with fuzzy quantifiers are related to inference rules
25. Qualitative reasoning form of fuzzy reasoning
Correct : B. the antecedents and consequents have fuzzy linguistic variables
26. Dispositional reasoning form of fuzzy reasoning
Correct : D. antecedents are dispositions
27. Mamdani systems are
Correct : D. both a and b
28. Sugeno systems are
Correct : B. mimo systems
29. In the generational model of EA
Correct : A. entire set of population is replaced by offsprings
30. In the steady-state model of EA
Correct : B. one member of population is replaced
31. In the generational model of EA
Correct : B. each individual survives exactly for one generation
32. In the steady-state model of EA
Correct : A. one offspring is generated per generation
33. Which of the following algorithm is most efficient for discotinuous and noisy problems?
Correct : A. evolutionary algorithm
34. Each iteration of EA is referred to as
Correct : A. generation
35. Which of the following are evolutionary operators?
Correct : D. all of the above
36. In the (μ/ρ,λ) method of ES, parents are
Correct : A. selected from offspring
37. In the (μ/ρ+λ) method of ES, parents are
Correct : B. selected from both the parents and offspring
38. Fitness scaling is desirable to ensure
Correct : A. population diversity
39. Which mutation operator is used in ES as reproduction operator?
Correct : B. gaussian mutation
40. Fitness proportionate selection methods are
Correct : D. all the mentioned
41. In which selection method of survival selection there is no notion of fitness?
Correct : C. agebased selection
42. In which selection strategy every individual has the same probability to be selected?
Correct : B. uniform selection
43. High selection pressure is desirable, when we need
Correct : C. faster termination of ga
44. Tournament selection scheme is more preferable when
Correct : B. population are with very diversified fitness values
45. Which of the following is not a characterstic of evolutionary algorithm?
Correct : D. artificial selection
46. What is the correct order of steps in evolutionary algorithm?
Correct : A. select parents-recombine-mutate-evaluate
47. Which of the following schemes are selection schemes in Evolutionary computation?
Correct : D. all of the above
48. To encode chromosomes which encoding schemes are used
Correct : D. all of the above
49. What is defuzzification
Correct : A. conversion of fuzzy set to crisp set
50. What type of model is required for hard computing
Correct : A. mathematical
51. Which of the following is/are basic component neuron
Correct : D. all of the above
52. Which of the following computing technique has the ability of learing and adoption
Correct : A. neural network
53. The truth value of the fuzzy set is
Correct : C. between 0 and 1
54. In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine the variable and gather data
Correct : B. constructing the simulation model
55. In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine how long to run the simulation
Correct : D. designing the experiment
56. In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine the system boundaries and enviroment?
Correct : B. constructing the simulation model
57. What BEST describes a simulation model with a limited number of variables ,each with the finite number of values?
Correct : B. discrete event simulation
58. The advantage of visual interactive simulation include all of the following EXCEPT
Correct : B. reduced need for the decision maker involvement
59. What can system dynamics modelling be used for ?
Correct : A. qualitative method for analyzing a system
60. In agent-based modelling ,agents are
Correct : C. autonomous rule-based decision making units
61. Agent based modelling is best for all the following types of problem features EXCEPT
Correct : B. low uncertainty
62. What is the final stage of an agent based modelling(ABM) methodology?
Correct : C. validating agent behaviour against reality
63. Identify the drawbacks of clustering algorithms? 1) can geneerate empty clusters 2) can terminate at local minimum 3)can handle noisy data
Correct : B. 1,2
64. generation of empty cluster problem in clustering can be overcome by?
Correct : B. pso based clustering
65. where does PSO based clustering terminates?
Correct : A. global optimum
66. Each particle in PSO modifies its position according to ? 1)its velocity 2)its weight 3) its gbest and pbest
Correct : C. 1,2,3
67. Applications of ACO are ? 1)shortest path 2)assignment problem 3)set problem
Correct : C. 1,2,3
68. Evaporation of pharomones is ?
Correct : A. directly proportional to path length
69. Metaheuristics doesnot include ?
Correct : D. none
70. Recombinbation involves __candidates while mutation requires__ candidates, and the result is called___.
Correct : A. 1,2,offspring
71. Identify the correct sequence for evoltionary algorithms ? 1)Select genitors from parent population 2)Evaluate newborn offspring
3)Create offspring 4)replace some parents
Correct : B. 1,3,2,4
72. Problems for which there is no efficient method to solve such problems exactly are called?
Correct : B. hard
73. EV is considered as ? 1)complex 2) adaptive
Correct : C. 1,2
74. EV system was proposed for exploring a___ fitness space and can form__.
Correct : A. multipeaked,clusters
75. Empirical studies focused on a variety of issues, like ? 1) initialization strategies 2) probability of mutation 3)recombination operator
Correct : B. 1,2,3
76. Parameters that affect GA are ? 1)intial population 2)fitness function 3)ability to generate offspring
Correct : B. 1,2
77. ___focuses attention on high fitness individuals, thus exploiting the available fitness information.
Correct : D. selection
78. Identify the algorithm ?procedure EA
{
t = 0;
initialize population P(t);
evaluate P(t);
until (done) {
t = t + 1;
parent_selection P(t);
recombine P(t);
mutate P(t);
evaluate P(t);
survive P(t);
}
}
Correct : C. ea
79. Genetic algorithm are heuristic methods that do not guarantee an optimal solution to a problem
Correct : A. true
80. A "What-if" model is most typically used for the most structured problems
82. which of the following statements are true regarding ES ? 1)Survival is deterministic 2)first allows the N best children to survive, and replaces the parents with these children. 3)allows the N best children and parents to survive.
84. Which of the following statements are true ? 1)mutation is applied to two selected candidates, the so-called parents, and results in one or two new candidates, the children 2) recombination is applied to one candidate and results in one new candidate.
Correct : D. none of these
85. The ___ is performed by selecting two sub trees
by chance from the parents and exchange them to create
the descendants.
Correct : A. gp crossover
86. The____ is performed by selecting a sub tree of the descendant by chance and to exchange the sub tree with an arbitrary generated new sub tree.
Correct : B. gp mutation
87. ___ are able to learn simple “if {condition} then {action}” style rules23 by learning from feedback
Correct : C. lcs
88. Island model is related with ?
Correct : A. distributed evolutionary algorithms
89. payoffs can be easily translated to a ___ function for an EA.
Correct : D. fitness
90. Identify the correct statements with respect to genetic algorithms? 1)A fitness function should maximized. 2)A replacement procedure. 3)A string representation of chromosomes.
Correct : B. 2,3
91. ANN is composed of large number of highly interconnected processing elements(neurons) working in unison to solve problems
Correct : A. TRUE
92. Both fuzzy logic and artificial neural network are soft computing techniques because
Correct : C. In each, no precise mathematical model of the problem is required
93. Both fuzzy logic and artificial neural network are soft computing techniques because,
Correct : C. In each, no precise mathematical model of the problem is required.
94. In which of the following, one technology calls the other technology as subroutine to process or manipulate information needed
Correct : C. Auxiliary hybrid system
95. Why are linearly separable problems of interest to neural network researchers?
Correct : B. Because they are the only mathematical functions that are continuous
96. Fuzzy logic is usually represented as-
Correct : B. IF-THEN rules
97. A fuzzy set A is closed if:
Correct : B. lim x → −∞μ (x) = lim x → +∞ (x) = 0
98. The height h(A) of a fuzzy set A is defined as h(A) =sup A(x) where x belongs to A. Then the fuzzy set A is called normal when
Correct : C. h(A)=1
99. For k>1, which of the following concept can be used to generate other linguistic hedge
Correct : C. Concentration
100. A fuzzy set whose membership function has at least one element x in the universe whose membership value is unity is called