Quiznetik

Decision Science | Set 2

1. Given the following table that presents the solution for a queuing problem with a constant service rate, the probability that the server is idle is

Correct : C. 0.286

2. Markov analysis is a technique that deals with the probabilities of future occurrences by

Correct : B. analyzing presently known probabilities.

3. Decision makers in queuing situations attempt to balance

Correct : B. service levels against service cost.

4. The manner in which units receive their service, such as FCFS, is the

Correct : A. queue discipline.

5. What queue discipline is assumed by the waiting line models presented in the textbook?

Correct : A. first-come first-served.

6. In Markov analysis, we are concerned with the probability that the

Correct : C. time has reached a steady state.

7. For a situation with weekly dining at either an Italian or Mexican restaurant,

Correct : A. the weekly visit is the trial and the restaurant is the state.

8. A transition probability describes

Correct : B. the probability a system in a particular state now will be in a specific state next period.

9. Performance measures dealing with the number of units in line and the time spent waiting are called

Correct : D. operating characteristic.

10. The probability of going from state 1 in period 2 to state 4 in period 3 is

Correct : C. p14

11. The probability that a system is in a particular state after a large number of periods is

Correct : A. independent of the beginning state of the system.

12. Analysis of a Markov process

Correct : A. describes future behavior of the system.

13. If the probability of making a transition from a state is 0, then that state is called a(n)

Correct : D. absorbing state.

14. Absorbing state probabilities are the same as

Correct : D. None of the alternatives is true.

15. Markov analysis might be effectively used for

Correct : D. all of the above

16. The following is not an assumption of Markov analysis.

Correct : B. The probability of changing states remains the same over time.

17. The total cost for a waiting line does NOT specifically depend on

Correct : D. the cost of a lost customer.

18. Markov analysis assumes that conditions are both

Correct : D. collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive.

19. Occasionally, a state is entered which will not allow going to another state in the future. This is called

Correct : D. none of the above

20. In Markov analysis, the likelihood that any system will change from one period to the next is revealed by the

Correct : B. transition-elasticities.

21. The condition that a system can be in only one state at any point in time is known as

Correct : C. Mutually exclusive condition.

22. At any period n, the state probabilities for the next period n+1 is given by the following formula:

Correct : D. n(n+1)=n(n)P

23. If we decide to use Markov analysis to study the transfer of technology,

Correct : B. our study will have only limited value because the Markov analysis tells us "what" will happen, but not "why."

24. The following data consists of a matrix of transition probabilities (P) of three competing companies, the initial market share state 16_10.gif(1), and the equilibrium probability states. Assume that each state represents a firm (Company 1, Company 2, and Company 3, respectively) and the transition probabilities represent changes from one month to the next. The market share of Company 1 in the next period is

Correct : D. 0.47

25. Markov analysis assumes that the states are both __________ and __________.

Correct : D. collectively exhaustive, mutually exclusive

26. A simulation model uses the mathematical expressions and logical relationships of the

Correct : A. real system.

27. The ________ determine(s) the equilibrium of a Markov process.

Correct : C. transition matrix

28. Values for the probabilistic inputs to a simulation

Correct : C. are randomly generated based on historical information.

29. A quantity that is difficult to measure with certainty is called a

Correct : C. probabilistic input.

30. A value for probabilistic input from a discrete probability distribution

Correct : B. is given by matching the probabilistic input with an interval of random numbers.

31. The number of units expected to be sold is uniformly distributed between 300 and 500. If r is a random number between 0 and 1, then the proper expression for sales is

Correct : D. 300 + r(200)

32. Common features of simulations--generating values from probability distributions, maintaining records, recording data and summarizing results--led to the development of

Correct : C. GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, SLAM, and Arena

33. In order to verify a simulation model

Correct : B. be sure that the procedures for calculations are logically correct.

34. Simulation

Correct : D. All of the alternatives are correct.

35. A simulation model used in situations where the state of the system at one point in time does not affect the state of the system at future points in time is called a

Correct : B. static simulation model.

36. When events occur at discrete points in time

Correct : D. All of the alternatives are correct.

37. The process of determining that the computer procedure that performs the simulation calculations is logically correct is called

Correct : C. verification.

38. Numerical values that appear in the mathematical relationships of a model and are considered known and remain constant over all trials of a simulation are

Correct : A. parameters.

39. The word "uniform" in the term "uniform random numbers" means

Correct : D. each number has an equal probability of being drawn.

40. The first step in simulation is to

Correct : D. define the problem.

41. Which of the following are disadvantages of simulation?

Correct : A. inability to analyze large and complex real-world situations

42. Cumulative probabilities are found by

Correct : C. summing all the previous probabilities up to the current value of the variable.

43. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the advantages of simulation?

Correct : B. Simulation guarantees an optimal solution.

44. If we are going to simulate an inventory problem, we must

Correct : B. Run the simulation for many days many times, i.e., using multiple sets of random numbers.

45. Simulation should be thought of as a technique for

Correct : C. obtaining an optimal solution to a problem.

46. In assigning random numbers in a Monte Carlo simulation, it is important to ________.

Correct : A. develop cumulative probability distributions

47. To simulate is to try to __________ the features, appearance, and characteristics of a real system.

Correct : D. Duplicate

48. The three types of mathematical simulation models are

Correct : A. operational gaming, Monte Carlo, systems simulation

49. Which of the following as an assumption of an LP model

Correct : D. all of the above

50. Most of the constraints in the linear programming problem are expressed as ……….

Correct : B. Inequality

51. A feasible solution to a linear programming problem

Correct : A. Must satisfy all problem constraints simultaneously

52. While plotting constraints on a graph paper, terminal points on both axes are connected by a straight line because

Correct : C. The constraints are linear equations or in equalities

53. Constraints in LP problem are called active if they

Correct : A. Represent optimal solution

54. The solution space of a LP problem is unbounded due to

Correct : C. Neither (a) nor (b)

55. The graphical method of LP problem uses

Correct : D. All the above

56. While solving LP problem graphically, the area bounded by the constraints is called

Correct : A. Feasible region

57. Which of the following is not a category of linear programming problems?

Correct : D. All of the above are categories of linear programming problems.

58. Which of the following may not be in a linear programming formulation?

Correct : B. >.

59. While solving an LP problem infeasibility may be removed by

Correct : C. Removing a constraint

60. A linear programming model does not contain which of the following components?

Correct : D. A spread sheet

61. Straight lines shown in a linear programming graph indicates

Correct : B. Constraints

62. In linear programming problem if all constraints are less than or equal to, then the feasible region is

Correct : B. Below the lines

63. ……. is a series of related activities which result in some product or services.

Correct : A. Network

64. Any activity which does not consume either any resource or time is called ………..activity.

Correct : C. Dummy

65. All negative constraints must be written as

Correct : C. Greater than or equal to

66. Activities that cannot be started until one or more of the other activities are completed, but immediately succeed them are called ……activities

Correct : B. Successor

67. An event which represents the beginning of more than one activity is known as ………..event.

Correct : C. Burst

68. If two constraints do not intersect in the positive quadrant of the graph, then

Correct : D. None of the above

69. An activity which must be completed before one or more other activities start is known as ……….activity.

Correct : A. Predecessor

70. Constraint in LP problem are called active if they

Correct : A. Represent optimal solution

71. While solving an LP problem, infeasibility may be removed by

Correct : C. Removing a constraint

72. ….……..is that sequence of activities which determines the total project time.

Correct : B. Critical path

73. Activities lying on the critical path are called………….

Correct : C. Critical activities

74. ………..models in which the input and output variables follow a probability distribution.

Correct : D. Deterministic model

75. ………. Example of probabilistic model

Correct : A. Game theory

76. Alternative solutions exists of an LP model when

Correct : B. Objective function equation is parallel to one of the constraints

77. . ………..is a method of analyzing the current movement of the same variable in an effort to predict the future movement of the same variable.

Correct : B. Markov analysis

78. Decision Science approach is

Correct : A. Multi-disciplinary

79. For analyzing a problem, decision-makers should study

Correct : C. Both a & b

80. Decision variables are

Correct : A. Controllable

81. A model is

Correct : D. All of the above

82. Managerial decisions are based on

Correct : D. All of the above

83. The use of decision models

Correct : D. None of the above

84. Every mathematical model

Correct : C. Represents data in numerical form

85. A physical model is example of

Correct : C. A verbal model

86. An optimization model

Correct : A. Provides the best decision

87. The quantitative approach to decision analysis is a

Correct : C. Scientific approach

88. The qualitative approach to decision analysis relies on

Correct : D. All of the above

89. The mathematical model of an LP problem is important because

Correct : A. It helps in converting the verbal description & numerical data into mathematical expression

90. Linear programming is a

Correct : D. All of the above

91. A constraint in an LP model restricts

Correct : D. All of the above

92. The distinguishing feature of an LP model is

Correct : A. Relationship among all variables is linear

93. Constraints in an LP model represents

Correct : D. All of the above

94. Non-negativity condition is an important component of LP model because

Correct : B. Value of variables make sense & correspond to real-world problems

95. Before formulating a formal LP model, it is better to

Correct : D. All of the above

96. Maximization of objective function in an LP model means

Correct : A. Value occurs at allowable set of decisions

97. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the LP model

Correct : B. An objective function of maximization type

98. The best use of linear programming technique is to find an optimal use of

Correct : D. All of the above

99. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the LP

Correct : D. The problem must be of minimization type

100. Non-negativity condition in an LP model implies

Correct : D. None of the above