Quiznetik

Anatomy | Set 5

1. Regarding the structures passing beneath the flexor retinaculum of the ankle which is correct?

A. Posterior tibial artery lies anterior to the flexor digitorum longus

B. Flexor hallucis longus lies anterior to posterior tibial artery

C. The posterior tibial artery lies anterior to the tibial nerve

D. Flexor hallucis longus is the most anterior structure

E. Flexor digitorum longus is the most posterior structure

Correct : C. The posterior tibial artery lies anterior to the tibial nerve

2. Regarding the medial longitudinal arch

A. Its stability is due to its bony structures

B. Flexor hallucis brevis acts as a bowstring

C. The plantar aponeurosis is of minimal importance

D. Peroneus longus supports the posterior portion

E. None of the above

Correct : E. None of the above

3. At the ankle

A. The deltoid ligament attaches to the tibia and the calcaneous

B. The talus is more narrow anteriorly

C. The capsule attaches to the neck of the talus

D. In plantar flexion there is also eversion

E. Dorsiflexion is produced by tibialis anterior and peroneus brevis

Correct : C. The capsule attaches to the neck of the talus

4. All of the following are ankle joint ligaments except

A. Posterior tibio-fibular ligament

B. Deltoid ligament

C. Inferior transverse ligament

D. Posterior talofibular ligament

E. Oblique ligament

Correct : E. Oblique ligament

5. Concerning the innervation of the foot

A. The medial plantar nerve supplies the first 3 lumbricals

B. The skin of the first cleft is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve

C. The plantar digital nerves supply the nail bed

D. All interossei are supplied by the medial plantar nerve

E. The medial and lateral plantar nerves are branches of the common peroneal nerves

Correct : C. The plantar digital nerves supply the nail bed

6. The talus

A. Has its sole articulation with calcaneous in the talocalcaneonavicular joint

B. Has a long plantar ligament attached to its plantar surface

C. Has an upper articular surface narrow in front and broad behind

D. Receives a good blood supply from dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

E. Is connected to navicular by the spring ligament

Correct : D. Receives a good blood supply from dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

7. The ankle joint

A. Is stabilised laterally by the deltoid ligament

B. Relies on the fibula for weight bearing

C. Acts purely as a hinge joint

D. Has 3 ligaments radiating from the lateral malleolus

E. Owes stability primarily to the shape of the tibiotalar articulating surface

Correct : D. Has 3 ligaments radiating from the lateral malleolus

8. The lumbrical muscles of the foot

A. Pass forward on the lateral sides of the metatarsophalangeal joints

B. Arise from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

C. Are all supplied by the lateral plantar nerve

D. Have no real function in walking or running

E. Do not insert into the extensor expansions

Correct : B. Arise from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

9. With regard to the calcaneus

A. It is the largest of the tarsal bones

B. It has a convex medial surface

C. The peroneal trochlea is found on it medial surface

D. It articulates with the talus, navicular and cuboid

E. The upper surface carries articular surfaces on its posterior half

Correct : A. It is the largest of the tarsal bones

10. Regarding the ankle joint

A. The lateral ligament has 2 layers

B. The posterior talofibular ligament is strong and runs horizontally

C. The deep portion of the medial ligament is triangular in shape

D. The superficial portion of the medial ligament is rectangular in shape

E. The nerve supply of the capsule is by the superficial peroneal nerve

Correct : B. The posterior talofibular ligament is strong and runs horizontally

11. Under the extensor retinaculum of the foot the most lateral structure is

12. With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the lower limb

A. Superficial peroneal nerve supplies the first inter-digital cleft

B. Sural nerve supplies the medial malleolus

C. Deep peroneal nerve supplies the third inter-digital cleft

D. The medial plantar nerve supplies a greater area than the lateral

E. Branches of the tibial nerve supply much of the dorsum of the foot

Correct : D. The medial plantar nerve supplies a greater area than the lateral

13. Regarding the ankle joint

A. The capsule is attached anteriorly to the neck of the talus

B. It has a fixed rotation of axis

C. The weight bearing surfaces are the upper facet of the talus, the inferior facet of the tibia and the medial and lateral malleoli

D. The lateral ligament is made up of three separate bands that all insert into the talus

E. In full plantarflexion a significant amount of inversion and eversion is possible at the ankle joint

Correct : A. The capsule is attached anteriorly to the neck of the talus

14. All of the following structures pass deep into the superior extensor retinaculum at the ankle except

A. Extensor digitorum longus

B. Deep peroneal nerve

C. Anterior tibial artery

D. Superficial peroneal nerve

E. Peroneus tertius

Correct : D. Superficial peroneal nerve

16. Of muscles and tendons crossing the knee

A. Popliteus medially rotates the femur to unlock the knee from extension

B. Soleus crosses the posterolateral aspect of the joint

C. Semitendinosis tendon passes anterior to the medial condyle

D. Gluteus maximus crosses the knee joint by way of the iliotibial tract

E. Biceps femoris inserts into the anterolateral aspect of the tibia

Correct : D. Gluteus maximus crosses the knee joint by way of the iliotibial tract

17. Regarding innervation of flexion/extension of the knee

A. All muscles of the quadriceps femoris are supplied by L3/4

B. Vastus medialis are intermedius are supplied by the same branch of the femoral nerve

C. Flexion of the knee by hamstrings is supplied solely by tibial component of sciatic nerve

D. Flexor innervation of the knee can be tested by knee jerk L3

E. Traumatic fracture dislocation of hip affects knee extension greater than flexion

Correct : A. All muscles of the quadriceps femoris are supplied by L3/4

18. Tibialis anterior

A. Is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve

B. Has a synovial sheath that continues below superior extensor retinaculum

C. Dorsiflexes and everts the foot

D. Inserts into the lateral cuneiform

E. Originates from the tibia and fibula

Correct : B. Has a synovial sheath that continues below superior extensor retinaculum

19. With regard to the stability of the knee joint

A. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from slipping posteriorly on the tibia

B. The lateral collateral ligament is more prone to damage than the medial

C. The medial meniscus is more prone to damage than the lateral

D. The integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament is most important when walking down stairs

E. The fit of the articular surfaces of the tibia and femur is the most important factor in providing stability

Correct : C. The medial meniscus is more prone to damage than the lateral

20. The ligament important in producing the screw home position in full extension of the knee is the

A. Anterior cruciate ligament

B. Posterior cruciate ligament

C. Arcuate popliteal ligament

D. Patellar retinacula

E. All of the above

Correct : A. Anterior cruciate ligament

21. The cruciate ligaments would be anaesthetized by injury to

22. The cruciate anastomsosis

A. Is supplied by the inferior branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery

B. Is supplied by the descending branch of the first perforating artery

C. Begins at the level of the greater trochanter

D. Is supplied by the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

E. Gives blood supply to the head of the femur

Correct : D. Is supplied by the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

23. In the popliteal fossa

A. The sural nerve branches from the common peroneal nerve

B. The roof is formed by biceps femoris

C. The popliteal vein lies between the popliteal artery and tibial nerve

D. The inferomedial border is soleus

E. The politeal artery runs vertically

Correct : C. The popliteal vein lies between the popliteal artery and tibial nerve

24. Politeus

A. Arises from the tibia above the condyles

B. Slopes upwards and medially

C. Inserts into the lateral meniscus

D. In innervated by a branch of the common peroneal nerve

E. Acts to “lock” the knee in full extension

Correct : C. Inserts into the lateral meniscus

25. With regards to the knee joint

A. The medial collateral ligament extends 8cm below the joint margin

B. The medial collateral ligament is extra-articular

C. The tenson of politeus is intra-articular

D. The lateral meniscus is more C-shaped

E. All of the avove

Correct : E. All of the avove

26. Tibialis anterior

A. Dorsiflexes and everts the foot

B. Arises from the upper 2/3s of the fibula

C. Inserts into the medial cuneiform

D. Shares its site of insertion with peroneus tertius

E. Is supplied by L5,S1

Correct : C. Inserts into the medial cuneiform

27. In the lateral compartment of the leg

A. The muscles are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve

B. The peroneus longus muscles arise only from the fibula

C. The peroneal muscle tendons are bound at the lateral malleolus by the inferior peroneal retinaculum

D. The peroneal muscles share a common synovial sheath at the lateral malleolus

E. The blood supply is from the anterior tibial artery

Correct : D. The peroneal muscles share a common synovial sheath at the lateral malleolus

28. A midline abdominal incision below the umbilicus passes through all the following EXCEPT:

29. The spleen:

A. has a lower pole which normally projects forward to the anterior axillary line

B. lies between the 8th and 10th ribs

C. has a long axis lying in the line of the 9th rib

D. as it enlarges, glides in contact with the anterior abdominal wall in front of the splenic flexure of the colon

E. when palpable on abdominal examination, is identified by being resonant to percussion

Correct : D. as it enlarges, glides in contact with the anterior abdominal wall in front of the splenic flexure of the colon

30. Which is the most common site for the appendix found at appendicectomy?

31. The abdominal aorta:

A. passes into the abdomen behind the diaphragm at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra

B. bifurcates at the level of the body of the 2nd lumbar vertebra

C. has a surface marking for its bifurcation as 2cm below and to the right of the umbilicus

D. gives rise to the coeliac artery at the level of the body of the 10th thoracic vertebra

E. has the renal arteries arising at the level of the body of the 1st lumbar vertebra

Correct : D. gives rise to the coeliac artery at the level of the body of the 10th thoracic vertebra

32. With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

A. in splenomegaly, the splenic flexure of the colon lies superficial to its anterior border

B. its anterior border is notched

C. its medial relations include left kidney, lienorenal ligament, pancreas and lesser sac

D. it lies between the 9th and 11th ribs

E. accessory spleens occur in 10% of people

Correct : A. in splenomegaly, the splenic flexure of the colon lies superficial to its anterior border

33. With regard to the duodenum, which is NOT true?

A. the duodenal cap has plicae circulares which are often evident on x-ray

B. the third part may be compressed by the superior mesenteric artery

C. the second part lies at level of 2nd lumbar vertebra in cadavers

D. the duodenal cap lies upon bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein

E. the accessory pancreatic duct opens into it proximal to the ampulla of Vater

Correct : A. the duodenal cap has plicae circulares which are often evident on x-ray

34. The ejaculatory ducts:

A. are formed by the union of the prostatic ducts and the ducts of the seminal vesicle

B. lie on the superior surface of the bladder

C. open into the membranous urethra

D. contract with parasympathetic stimulation

E. have none of the above properties

Correct : E. have none of the above properties

35. The ureter passes deep to the:

36. With respect to the tet*cle:

A. the tunica albuginea overlies tunica vaginalis

B. the head of the epididymis is attached to the lower pole of the testis

C. the appendix testis (if present) is attached to the upper pole of the tet*cle

D. testicular and scrotal lymph drainage is the superficial inguinal nodes

E. parasympathetic supply is via the T10 segment of the cord

Correct : C. the appendix testis (if present) is attached to the upper pole of the tet*cle

37. With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

A. it is in direct contact with the lesser sac

B. it projects into the greater sac

C. its anterior border is notched

D. it receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic supply

E. lymph drainage is via retropancreatic channels to the coeliac nodes

Correct : D. it receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic supply

38. Regarding abdominal vascular anatomy, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A. the left renal vein lies under the superior mesenteric artery

B. the appendix is supplied by the ileo colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery

C. the left gastro epiploic artery is a branch of the splenic artery

D. the portal vein lies posterior to the pylorus

E. the duodenum receives no supply from the superior mesenteric artery

Correct : E. the duodenum receives no supply from the superior mesenteric artery

39. With regard to the ureter, which is NOT true?

A. it is narrowed at its halfway mark

B. it crosses the genitofemoral nerve under cover of peritoneum

C. the upper part of the right ureter lies behind the duodenum

D. it lies just lateral to the tips of the transverse processes of L3-5

E. it is adherent to the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wal

Correct : D. it lies just lateral to the tips of the transverse processes of L3-5

40. With regard to the female pelvis, which is NOT true?

A. the cervix is separated from the rectum by the Pouch of Douglas

B. the cervix is separated from the bladder by the vesicouterine pouch

C. the ureter passes 1-2cm lateral to the cervix

D. the ureter passes under both the broad ligament and the uterine artery

E. lymph drainage from the body of the uterus includes the inguinal nodes

Correct : B. the cervix is separated from the bladder by the vesicouterine pouch

41. With regard to the duodenum:

A. it is wholly retro-peritoneal

B. it lies wholly inferior to gallbladder

C. the third part overlies the superior mesenteric vessels

D. the second part projects slightly behind the right renal hilus

E. the head of pancreas is wholly contained within its c-shaped loop

Correct : E. the head of pancreas is wholly contained within its c-shaped loop

42. The transversalis fascia contributes to which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall?

A. superficial inguinal ring

B. deep inguinal ring

C. inguinal ligament

D. sac of an indirect inguinal hernia

E. anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Correct : B. deep inguinal ring

43. The transpyloric plane of the abdomen (passing through the lower border of L1 vertebra) passes through:

A. the spleen

B. the third part of the duodenum

C. the tail of the pancreas

D. the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

E. the fundus of the gallbladder

Correct : D. the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

44. Afferent pain fibres for the biliary tract:

A. as far as known do not exist; pain sensation relates to inflamed overlying parietal peritoneum

B. run with the vagus nerve to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

C. may run with the right phrenic nerve

D. run with spinal nerves to T2-5

E. do not respond to distension of the viscus

Correct : C. may run with the right phrenic nerve

45. With regard to the usual vasculature of the abdomen, which is NOT true?

A. the splenic vein mainly drains into the inferior vena cava

B. the portal vein drains nearly all of the gastrointestinal tract and unpaired abdominal glands except liver

C. the left gastroepiploic artery and the short gastric arteries are branches of the splenic artery

D. the right gastric artery is a branch of the hepatic artery

E. the right gastroepiploic artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery

Correct : A. the splenic vein mainly drains into the inferior vena cava

46. Which is NOT related to the kidneys as indicated:

A. the pleura posteriorly

B. the second part of the duodenum, anterior to the right kidney

C. the tail of the pancreas, anterior to the left kidney

D. the peritoneum of the lesser sac, anterior to the left kidney

E. the splenic artery, anterior to the lower pole of the left kidney

Correct : E. the splenic artery, anterior to the lower pole of the left kidney

47. With regard to the kidneys, which is NOT true?

A. the renal nerves are from spinal segment T12-L1

B. at the hilum, the vein is anterior to the artery which is anterior to the ureter

C. in horseshoe kidneys, ureters pass behind the isthmus of the kidney substance

D. percutaneous renal biopsy is via a point 2.5cm below the 12th rib

E. renal fascia helps prevent spread of infection from perinephric abscesses

Correct : C. in horseshoe kidneys, ureters pass behind the isthmus of the kidney substance

48. With regard to the urethra in the young adult male, which is NOT true?

A. the prostatic urethra is narrower than the membranous urethra

B. it is approximately 20cm long

C. has a short dilated region just proximal to the external urethral meatus

D. it is horizontal in cross-section when empty

E. the bulbous part is part of the spongy urethra

Correct : A. the prostatic urethra is narrower than the membranous urethra

49. The first part of the duodenum:

A. lies at the level of L2 in the supine body

B. is approximately 10cm long in the adult

C. partially overlies the right crus of the diaphragm and psoas muscle

D. is entirely retroperitoneal

E. receives the common opening of the bile duct on its posteromedial wall

Correct : C. partially overlies the right crus of the diaphragm and psoas muscle

50. Which of the following forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

51. Fibres of transversus abdominus arise from which part of the inguinal ligament?

52. A patient presents with a deep stab wound high up in the costovertebral angle beneath the 12th rib on the left side. The most likely internal injury is?

A. laceration of the infra-renal aorta

B. laceration of the right renal vascular pedicle

C. puncture of the 3rd part of the duodenum

D. puncture of the 4th part of the duodenum

E. pneumothorax of the left lung

Correct : E. pneumothorax of the left lung

53. Concerning the abdominal aorta and branches:

A. the inferior mesenteric artery arises below the L4 lumbar arteries

B. the superior mesenteric artery arises at the level of L2

C. the renal artery arises below the level of the superior mesenteric artery

D. the suprarenal arteries arise above the coeliac trunk

E. the coeliac trunk is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta

Correct : C. the renal artery arises below the level of the superior mesenteric artery

54. The relations of the THIRD part of the duodenum include:

A. the hilum of the right kidney

B. the attachment of the transverse mesocolon

C. the inferior pole of the right kidney

D. the superior mesenteric vein

E. the portal vein

Correct : D. the superior mesenteric vein

55. All of the following are true regarding the pancreas EXCEPT:

A. the neck and body of the pancreas lie anterior to the first lumbar vertebrae

B. the neck of the pancreas lies over the right and left renal veins at the level of L2 vertebra

C. the splenic artery supplies all of the pancreas

D. parasympathetic vagal fibres stimulate the exocrine secretion from the gland

E. the uncinate process drains via an accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum

Correct : C. the splenic artery supplies all of the pancreas

56. The spleen:

A. weights 15 ounces

B. lies between the 8th and 11th ribs

C. has an identifiable notch on its posterior border

D. is supplied with parasympathetic fibres from coeliac plexus

E. lympatic drainage is to coeliac nodes

Correct : E. lympatic drainage is to coeliac nodes

57. Regarding the kidneys:

A. the right kidney lies at a lower level to the left kidney

B. they lie inferior to the pleura

C. the hilum of the left kidney is separated from the peritoneum by the duodenum

D. the renal fascia encloses the kidney and suprarenal gland within the same sheath

E. the renal pelvis is lined with columnar epithelium

Correct : A. the right kidney lies at a lower level to the left kidney

58. Regarding the ureters, which is INCORRECT?

A. the line of projection of the ureter on a radiograph is medial to the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and crosses the pelvic brim at the sacroiliac joint

B. they exhibit peristaltic activity when stimulated

C. they are lined by transitional epithelium with a thick muscularis mucosae

D. they are supplied with sympathetic fibres from T11-L2

E. they are crossed superficially by the gonadal vessels

Correct : C. they are lined by transitional epithelium with a thick muscularis mucosae

59. Regarding the inguinal canal:

A. the deep inguinal ring lies 1cm above and at the junction of the lateral third and medial two thirds of the inguinal ligament

B. the deep inguinal ring is formed by an opening in the transversalis fascia

C. an indirect inguinal hernia bulges into the inguinal triangle, posterior to the canal and medial to the inferior epigastric artery

D. contains the spermatic cord that has two fascial layers/coverings and eight contents

E. none

Correct : B. the deep inguinal ring is formed by an opening in the transversalis fascia

60. Which structure does not enter the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring?

A. testicular artery

B. vas deferens

C. ilioinguinal nerve

D. genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

E. artery to the vas deferens

Correct : C. ilioinguinal nerve

61. The testis:

A. the epididymis arises from the lower pole of the testis

B. the tunica vaginalis surrounds the testis but doe not encase the epididymis

C. vas deferens ascends on the anterior surface of the testis

D. the testicular appendix lies on the testis upper pole near the origin of the epididymis

E. none

Correct : D. the testicular appendix lies on the testis upper pole near the origin of the epididymis

62. The testicular blood supply:

A. is mainly from the ductal artery

B. the right drains directly into the inferior vena cava

C. venous drainage does not have valves

D. a varicocoele is more common on the right than the left

E. none

Correct : B. the right drains directly into the inferior vena cava

63. The transpyloric plane:

A. lies on a line connecting left and right 10th costal cartilages

B. lies at the level of T12

C. lies at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery off the aorta

D. is 2cm below the xiphisternum

E. none

Correct : C. lies at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery off the aorta

64. Regarding potential spaces in the abdomen:

A. the entrance to the lesser sac is inferiorly via the transverse mesocolon foramen

B. the right hepatorenal pouch is the lowest lying region of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (excluding pelvis)

C. the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic and infracolic by the epiploic foramen

D. the root of the mesentry of the small intestine is a small 2cm area at the duodenojejunal junction

E. none

Correct : B. the right hepatorenal pouch is the lowest lying region of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (excluding pelvis)

65. The forgut:

A. includes from the abdominal aorta to the end of the duodenum

B. is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery

C. venous drainage includes the blood from the lower third of the oesophagus

D. drains entirely into the splenic vein

E. none

Correct : C. venous drainage includes the blood from the lower third of the oesophagus

66. The midgut:

A. is from the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum to the ileocaecal junction

B. all venous drainage is to the superior mesenteric vein

C. superior mesenteric artery lies on the right side of the superior mesenteric vein

D. superior mesenteric artery originates off the aorta at L3

E. none

Correct : B. all venous drainage is to the superior mesenteric vein

67. The inferior mesenteric artery arises:

A. at L3

B. behind the inferior border of the third part of the duodenum

C. at the level of the umbilicus

D. 3-4cm above the aortic bifurcation

E. all of the above

Correct : E. all of the above

68. The nerve supply to the stomach:

A. the anterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter

B. the posterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter

C. secretion is controlled by sympathetic supply

D. the posterior vagal trunk is in contact with the left side of the oesophagus

E. none

Correct : A. the anterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter

69. The liver:

A. lies from the 7th to the 11th left ribs along the midaxillary line

B. is normally completely under the costal margin

C. the upper margin is the 4th costal cartilage

D. blood supply divides into left and right supplying the lobes as divided by the falciform ligament

E. none

Correct : A. lies from the 7th to the 11th left ribs along the midaxillary line

70. The spleen:

A. is a retroperitoneal organ

B. lies along the axis of the left 10th rib

C. lymphatics drain to the superior mesenteric paraaortic nodes

D. pain fibres accompany sympathetic fibres and pain may radiate in the distribution of thoracic dermatomes 6-10

E. none

Correct : B. lies along the axis of the left 10th rib

71. Which nerve passes through psoas muscle and emerges anteriorly to run down the front of the muscle?

72. Regarding the anterior abdominal wall:

A. the arcuate lines lie midway between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus

B. between the umbilicus and the lateral margin transversus aponeurosis lies posterior the rectus

C. the inferior epigastric artery originates from the internal iliac

D. it gives support to the liver and spleen

E. the ilioinguinal nerve passes through the deep inguinal ring

Correct : B. between the umbilicus and the lateral margin transversus aponeurosis lies posterior the rectus

73. Pelvic joints and ligaments:

A. the sacroiliac joint is a fibrous joint between the auricular surfaces of the ilium and sacrum

B. the wedge shape of the sacrum contributes to its stability

C. the coccygeous muscle lies on the pelvic surface of the sacrotuberous ligament

D. the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments enclose the greater sciatic foramen

E. the iliolumbar ligament is V-shaped with the apex attached to L5

Correct : E. the iliolumbar ligament is V-shaped with the apex attached to L5

74. Pelvic joints and ligaments

A. muscles of pelvis include obturator externus and piriformis

B. piriformis arises from the lower third part of the sacrum

C. the sigmoid colon becomes the section at the level of the 4th part of the sacrum

D. the rectum has no mesentery

E. the pelvic brim follows the line of the pubic crest, pectineal line of pubis, iliac crests and ala and promentary of the sacrum

Correct : D. the rectum has no mesentery

75. Perineum:

A. the lymphatic drainage from the scrotum goes to para-aortic nodes

B. lymphatic drainage from the rectum passes to internal iliac nodes from the upper part and to superficial inguinal group from the lower part

C. superior rectal branches of the pudendal nerves supply the external and sphincter

D. the internal anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle

E. the anal canal consists of inner circular muscle fibres and outer longitudinal fibres

Correct : B. lymphatic drainage from the rectum passes to internal iliac nodes from the upper part and to superficial inguinal group from the lower part

76. Nerves of pelvis, branches of sacral plexus include all EXCEPT:

77. All but which are transected / at the level of the transpylonic plane?

A. superior mesenteric artery leaves aorta

B. splenic vein joins superior mesenteric vein to become the portal vein

C. hila of kidneys

D. lower border L1 vertebra

E. gall bladder

Correct : C. hila of kidneys

78. The anterolateral abdominal muscles:

A. external oblique muscle arises by eight digitations from back of lower eight ribs and interdigitates with serratus anterior and pectoralis major

B. external oblique fibres run obliquely upwards and forwards

C. the lower border ext-oblique forms the inguinal ligaments

D. internal oblique insects into the line alba from a single aponeurosis

E. transversus abdominus runs anterior to rectus abdominus until the cruciate line

Correct : C. the lower border ext-oblique forms the inguinal ligaments

79. The anterior abdominal wall:

A. the deep surface above the umbilicus has lymphatic drainage to mediastinal nodes

B. the deep surface below the umbilicus has lymphatic drainage to the internal iliac and paraaortic nodes

C. rectus abdominus is supplied by lower intercostal and subcostal nn (T8-T10)

D. internal oblique and transversus abdominus are supplied solely by the iliohypo??? and ilioinguinal nerves

E. the superior and inferior epigastric vessels (arteries) anastomose within the body of the rectus muscle

Correct : A. the deep surface above the umbilicus has lymphatic drainage to mediastinal nodes

80. Contents of the deep inguinal ring include all but:

A. ilioinguinal nerve

B. vas deferens

C. cremasturic artery

D. genital branch of the genitofemoral ligament

E. obliterated remains of the processes vaginalis

Correct : A. ilioinguinal nerve

81. Referred pain from which organ may be felt in the cutaneous distribution of the obturator nerve?

82. Within the anal canal are anal cushions (dilated venous spaces and avanestomoses)

A. 3, 7 and 11 o’clock

B. 2, 6, and 10 o’clock

C. 3, 6 and 11 o’clock

D. 1, 7 and 12 o’clock

E. 1, 7 and 9 o’clock

Correct : A. 3, 7 and 11 o’clock

83. Regarding the inguinal canal

A. The deep inguinal ring is an opening in internal oblique

B. The superior epigastric artery is located deep to the posterior wall medial to the deep ring

C. An indirect hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring

D. A direct hernia passes lateral to the deep inguinal ring

E. The floor of the inguinal canal is reinforced laterally by the lacunar ligament

Correct : C. An indirect hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring

84. Contents of the spermatic cord include all of the following EXCEPT

A. Ductus deferens

B. Testicular artery

C. Pampiniform plexus

D. Ilioinguinal nerve

E. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Correct : D. Ilioinguinal nerve

85. Regarding the testis

A. Leydig cells secrete testosterone

B. The epididymis is located posteromedially

C. Lymphatic drainage is to the inguinal lymph nodes

D. Arterial supply is from the aorta just above the renal arteries

E. The right testicular vein drains to the right renal vein

Correct : A. Leydig cells secrete testosterone

86. The following structures are related to the transpyloric plane EXCEPT

87. All of the following are retroperitoneal structures EXCEPT

88. The celiac trunk

A. supplies the gut from the entrance of the bile duct to the splenic flexure of the colon

B. gives rise to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

C. is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta

D. arises from the aorta at the level of L2

E. supplies the lower part of the oesophagus

Correct : E. supplies the lower part of the oesophagus

89. The superior mesenteric artery

A. arises from the aorta at the level of T11

B. passes anterior to the body of the pancreas

C. passes anterior to the 3rd part of the duodenum

D. gives the superior pancreaticoduodenal branch

E. supplies the jejunum

Correct : E. supplies the jejunum

90. The inferior mesenteric artery

A. supplies the hindgut as far as the dentate line

B. arises at the level of L1

C. passes posterior to the 3rd part of the duodenum

D. crosses the ureter at the pelvic brim

E. gives rise to the right colic artery

Correct : A. supplies the hindgut as far as the dentate line

91. Regarding the duodenum

A. All of the duodenum is retroperitoneal

B. The 3rd part receives the bile duct

C. The 2nd part passes over the hilum of the right kidney

D. The 3rd part is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery

E. The 4th part is 5 cm long

Correct : D. The 3rd part is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery

92. Regarding the liver

A. The caudate lobe is bounded by the ligamentum venosum and the inferior vena cava

B. The left lobe extends approximately 12cm to the left of the midline

C. The gall bladder is at the tip of the 11th costal cartilage

D. The bare area lies against the duodenum

E. Porta hepatis contains the hepatic and portal veins

Correct : A. The caudate lobe is bounded by the ligamentum venosum and the inferior vena cava

93. Regarding the spleen

A. It lies between the 7th and 9th ribs

B. The tail is contained in the lienorenal ligament

C. The head is immediately anterior to the aorta

D. The tail lies in the transpyloric plane

E. The main blood supply is from the left gastric artery

Correct : B. The tail is contained in the lienorenal ligament

94. Regarding the abdominal aorta

A. It commences at T10 as it passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm

B. The first branch is the celiac trunk

C. It terminates at the level of L2

D. The gonadal arteries arise above the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

E. The median sacral artery is a small posterior branch just before bifurcation

Correct : E. The median sacral artery is a small posterior branch just before bifurcation

95. With regard to the blood supply of the rectum and anus

A. It is principally the inferior rectal artery

B. The anal canal is a site of porto-systemic anastomosis

C. The veins do not correspond to the arteries

D. The inferior mesenteric artery changes to the superior rectal artery at L3

E. The vessels do not supply the full thickness of the anal wall

Correct : B. The anal canal is a site of porto-systemic anastomosis

96. Lymph drainage of the testes are to

A. The deep inguinal nodes

B. The mediastinal nodes

C. The para-aortic nodes

D. The pectoral group of axillary nodes

E. The external iliac nodes

Correct : C. The para-aortic nodes

97. Lymph drainage of the scrotum is to

A. The superficial inguinal nodes

B. The internal iliac nodes

C. The deep inguinal does

D. The external iliac nodes

E. None of the above

Correct : A. The superficial inguinal nodes

98. Regarding radiological imaging of the gastrointestinal tract

A. The terminal ileum can be identified by haustrations

B. Haustrations represent the taeniae coli

C. Air fluid levels on an erect abdominal X-ray are diagnostic of large bowel obstruction

D. Gas should always be visible in the rectum

E. Small bowel is always visible on a normal abdominal X-ray

Correct : B. Haustrations represent the taeniae coli

99. Regarding the kidneys

A. Each weighs about 340 grams

B. The left kidney lies below the transpyloric plane

C. The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves lie behind the posterior surface of the kidney

D. Each kidney has six segments

E. The hilum is separated from the peritoneum on the right side by the 3rd part of the duodenum

Correct : C. The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves lie behind the posterior surface of the kidney

100. Regarding the ureters

A. They exit the hilum behind the renal artery

B. They are a continuation of the renal pelvis which is formed by the union of 10 major calyces

C. They are each 40cm long

D. On a radiograph they run lust lateral to the transverse processes of the lumber vertebrae

E. The lower ends are supplied by the ureteric branch of the renal artery

Correct : A. They exit the hilum behind the renal artery

Quiznetik

Anatomy | Set 5

1. Regarding the structures passing beneath the flexor retinaculum of the ankle which is correct?

2. Regarding the medial longitudinal arch

3. At the ankle

4. All of the following are ankle joint ligaments except

5. Concerning the innervation of the foot

6. The talus

7. The ankle joint

8. The lumbrical muscles of the foot

9. With regard to the calcaneus

10. Regarding the ankle joint

11. Under the extensor retinaculum of the foot the most lateral structure is

12. With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the lower limb

13. Regarding the ankle joint

14. All of the following structures pass deep into the superior extensor retinaculum at the ankle except

15. The dermatome supplying the great toe is usually supplied by

16. Of muscles and tendons crossing the knee

17. Regarding innervation of flexion/extension of the knee

18. Tibialis anterior

19. With regard to the stability of the knee joint

20. The ligament important in producing the screw home position in full extension of the knee is the

21. The cruciate ligaments would be anaesthetized by injury to

22. The cruciate anastomsosis

23. In the popliteal fossa

24. Politeus

25. With regards to the knee joint

26. Tibialis anterior

27. In the lateral compartment of the leg

28. A midline abdominal incision below the umbilicus passes through all the following EXCEPT:

29. The spleen:

30. Which is the most common site for the appendix found at appendicectomy?

31. The abdominal aorta:

32. With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

33. With regard to the duodenum, which is NOT true?

34. The ejaculatory ducts:

35. The ureter passes deep to the:

36. With respect to the tet*cle:

37. With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

38. Regarding abdominal vascular anatomy, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

39. With regard to the ureter, which is NOT true?

40. With regard to the female pelvis, which is NOT true?

41. With regard to the duodenum:

42. The transversalis fascia contributes to which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall?

43. The transpyloric plane of the abdomen (passing through the lower border of L1 vertebra) passes through:

44. Afferent pain fibres for the biliary tract:

45. With regard to the usual vasculature of the abdomen, which is NOT true?

46. Which is NOT related to the kidneys as indicated:

47. With regard to the kidneys, which is NOT true?

48. With regard to the urethra in the young adult male, which is NOT true?

49. The first part of the duodenum:

50. Which of the following forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

51. Fibres of transversus abdominus arise from which part of the inguinal ligament?

52. A patient presents with a deep stab wound high up in the costovertebral angle beneath the 12th rib on the left side. The most likely internal injury is?

53. Concerning the abdominal aorta and branches:

54. The relations of the THIRD part of the duodenum include:

55. All of the following are true regarding the pancreas EXCEPT:

56. The spleen:

57. Regarding the kidneys:

58. Regarding the ureters, which is INCORRECT?

59. Regarding the inguinal canal:

60. Which structure does not enter the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring?

61. The testis:

62. The testicular blood supply:

63. The transpyloric plane:

64. Regarding potential spaces in the abdomen:

65. The forgut:

66. The midgut:

67. The inferior mesenteric artery arises:

68. The nerve supply to the stomach:

69. The liver:

70. The spleen:

71. Which nerve passes through psoas muscle and emerges anteriorly to run down the front of the muscle?

72. Regarding the anterior abdominal wall:

73. Pelvic joints and ligaments:

74. Pelvic joints and ligaments

75. Perineum:

76. Nerves of pelvis, branches of sacral plexus include all EXCEPT:

77. All but which are transected / at the level of the transpylonic plane?

78. The anterolateral abdominal muscles: