1. During immersion testing of pipe or tubing the incident longitudinal wave angle must
be limited to a narrow range. The reason for the upper limit is:
Correct : A. To avoid complete reflection of ultrasound from the test piece
2. A calibration for immersion ultrasonic testing of pipe or tubing should establish a
transducer position such as:
Correct : C. All ultrasound enters the test piece
3. During immersion ultrasonic testing of pipe or tubing, spurious echoes may be caused
by:
Correct : D. All of the above
4. Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of concrete
are:
Correct : A. 25 to 100 kHz
5. Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of ferrous and
non-ferrous welds are:
Correct : C. 1 MHz to 5 MHz
6. Which of the following materials would probably require testing at the lowest
frequency?
Correct : D. Cast iron
7. Which of the following is an advantage of contact testing over immersion?
Correct : C. Ease of field use
8. Which of the following is a disadvantage of contact testing?
Correct : A. Ability to maintain uniform coupling on rough surface
9. A typical application for a through transmission technique is:
Correct : D. Bond/unbond testing
10. An ultrasonic technique in which two transducers are used, in a constant position
relative to each other, is:
Correct : A. Through transmission
11. Which of the following cast materials could most likely be successfully ultrasonically
tested?
Correct : A. Low carbon steel
12. Which of the following product forms would probably be tested at the lowest
frequency?
Correct : C. Castings
13. Addition of approximately 6% antimony as an alloying element could be expected to
increase the ultrasonic inspectability of which of the following materials?
Correct : D. Pure lead
14. Strong signals which travel across the horizontal time base of an A scan presentation
while the transducer is motionless on the test piece are probably:
Correct : B. Electrical interference
15. Excessive ringing of the transducer could be caused by:
Correct : B. Loose crystal
16. When inspecting a long bar with a longitudinal wave from one end, a series of additional echoes are seen immediately after the bottom surface reflection. these are most likely:
Correct : D. None of the above
17. One of the most apparent characteristics of a discontinuity echo, as opposed to a nonrelevant indication is:
Correct : B. Sharp, distinct signal
18. Typical immersion test frequencies for wrought aluminium are:
Correct : A. 10 MHz and up
19. Choice of ultrasonic test frequency depends upon which of the following?
Correct : D. All of the above
20. Polished, flat surfaces are undesirable for ultrasonic testing consideration because:
Correct : D. The probe sticks to the surface because of suction
21. The most effective liquid ultrasonic couplant (highest acoustic impedance) is:
Correct : B. Glycerine
22. When using a straight beam technique to examine a thick test piece what change(s) would you expect to see in back wall echo size as you approach the side of the test piece? (Transducer remains completely on test piece)
Correct : C. Decrease
23. What useful purpose may be served by maintaining grass on the baseline?
Correct : C. To verify adequate coupling to the test piece
24. Which of the following describes the sound field propagating in a piece of steel bar stock which is being tested from one end with longitudinal waves?
Correct : D. Decreasing according to the inverse square law
25. When a probe is coupled to a solid, strong surface waves may be produced:
Correct : D. None of the above
26. To avoid interfering surface waves, low frequencies should only be used on:
Correct : B. Castings
27. Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause strong, interfering
surface waves?
Correct : D. Testing on a curved surface with a contoured wedge and transducer
28. Flaw sizing by the 6 dB drop technique is applicable to:
Correct : A. Large flaws relative to the sound beam
29. How many decibels of attenuation correspond to an ultrasonic signal loss of from
100% to 25% on full screen height?
Correct : C. 12
30. An increase in gain of how many decibels corresponds to a 5:1 increase in flaw echo
amplitude?
Correct : B. 14
31. A focused sound beam is produced by a:
Correct : B. Concave transducer
32. A divergent sound beam is produced by:
Correct : C. Convex lens
33. A type of cast iron which has ultrasonic properties similar to steel is:
Correct : A. White
34. What effect does hardening have on acoustic velocity in steel?
Correct : C. No effect
35. Variation in acoustic velocity from one type of steel to another is usually less than:
Correct : A. 1%
36. In general, which of the following materials would have the least ultrasonic
attenuation?
Correct : A. Aluminium
37. The velocity of lamb waves depends on:
Correct : D. All of the above
38. Which of the following is the most durable piezoelectric material?
Correct : B. Quartz
39. Which of the following methods are used to produce ultrasonic waves?
Correct : D. All of the above
40. Spurious indications may be caused by which of the following?
Correct : D. All of the above
41. A reason for using a dual element search unit is:
Correct : A. Improving near surface resolution
42. A wheel transducer is normally considered:
Correct : C. An immersion method
43. Which of the following is not an advantage of a focused transducer?
Correct : B. Deep penetration
44. What type of search unit allows the greatest resolving power with standard ultrasonic
testing equipment?
Correct : B. Focused
45. The 50 mm diameter hole in an IIW block is used to:
Correct : D. Check beam angle
46. The 100 mm radius in an IIW block is used to:
Correct : C. Calibrate angle beam distance
47. Which of the following is a disadvantage of immersion test units?
Correct : C. Portability
48. Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. Which of the following represent a
mode?
Correct : D. All of the above
49. Which of the following would be considered application(s) of ultrasonic testing?
Correct : D. All of the above
50. Waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are
called:
Correct : A. Longitudinal waves
51. The only sound waves which travel in liquids are:
Correct : A. Longitudinal waves
52. In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in which of the following modes of
vibration?
Correct : A. Longitudinal
53. The scattering of the rays of an ultrasonic beam due to reflection from a highly
irregular surface is called:
Correct : D. Diffraction
54. Acoustic impedance is a material's:
Correct : B. (Density) × (velocity)
55. When a sound beam is incident on an acoustic interface at some angle other than normal
incidence, which of the following occurs?
Correct : D. All of the above
56. The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocity than
the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface between the two media is called:
Correct : B. The angle of refraction
57. Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonic
attenuation losses?
Correct : D. 25 MHz
58. Attenuation is made up of:
Correct : C. Absorption and scatter
59. The most important factor required for the proper interpretation of ultrasonic test
results is:
Correct : B. A knowledge of the test specimen material and its construction
60. A significant limitation of a lower frequency, single element transducer is:
Correct : D. Impaired ability to display discontinuities just below the entry surface
61. Which of the following is the least efficient generator of ultrasonic waves:
Correct : A. Quartz
62. Which of the following is the least efficient receiver of ultrasonic Energy?
Correct : D. Barium titanate
63. The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in sound
pressure occur is mostly affected by:
Correct : D. Both (a) and (b)
64. An advantage of using a transducer with a large beam spread is:
Correct : D. Greater likelihood of detecting randomly oriented discontinuities
65. Resolution is inversely proportional to:
Correct : B. Crystal thickness
66. Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:
Correct : C. Barium titanate
67. Other factors being equal, which of the following transducers would have the greatest
beam spread?
Correct : B. A smaller diameter transducer
68. The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of:
Correct : C. The thickness of the crystal
69. In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity
diminish exponentially as the distance increases?
Correct : A. Far field zone
70. A typical application for a through transmission technique is:
Correct : D. Bond/lack of bond testing
71. An advantage of a dual crystal search unit is that:
Correct : A. There is no ‘dead zone’
72. Most contact testing is performed by which of the following techniques?
Correct : C. Pulse-echo
73. When contouring an angle beam wedge for a convex surface, an undesirable result of
a wedge which is contoured too well might be:
Correct : A. Production of unwanted surface waves
74. It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to produce indications of
fluctuating amplitude as the search unit is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the:
Correct : B. Near field
75. A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not perpendicular to the direction of
sound propagation may be indicated by:
Correct : B. A complete loss of back surface reflection
76. An effective method of testing for air bubbles in a pipe is to:
Correct : D. Transmit sound across pipe diameter and look for echoes from air bubbles
77. The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping is most effective in locating a
discontinuity is:
Correct : C. Surface wave
78. Inspection of castings is often impractical because of:
Correct : B. Coarse grain structure
79. One of the most common applications of ultrasonic tests employing shear waves is
the:
Correct : A. Detection of discontinuities in welds, tube and pipe
80. The 2 mm wide notch in the IIW block is used to:
Correct : B. Check resolution
81. A primary purpose of a reference standard is:
Correct : C. To provide assurance that all discontinuities smaller than a certain specified reference reflector are capable of being detected by the test
82. Laminations would most likely be encountered in which of the following product
forms?
Correct : B. Hot rolled plate
83. A 50 percent decrease in echo amplitude is equal to a loss of how many decibels?
Correct : B. 6
84. Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of concrete
are:
Correct : A. 25 to 100 kHz
85. Compared to the echo returned from a smooth reflector, the echo returned from a
natural flaw of the same area and orientation is:
Correct : C. Smaller
86. Which of the following is least likely to be a source of false indications?
Correct : D. Surface condition
87. Abnormally large grain size in the test material may be indicated by:
Correct : A. High levels of baseline noise, or hash
88. The coated inside surface of the large end of a cathode ray tube which becomes
luminous when struck by an electron beam is called:
Correct : C. A CRT screen
89. In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the time
base line is called a:
Correct : A. Sweep circuit
90. Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other shapes parallel to the surface by:
Correct : A. Rolling
91. Reflection indications from a weld area being inspection by the angle beam technique
may represent: