1. Most industrial X ray machines contain targets made of:
Correct : D. Tungsten
2. The effects of scattered radiation may be lessened by:
Correct : D. All of the above
3. A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 500 keV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be:
Correct : A. The Compton effect
4. The term used to describe the reaction of human cells, other than reproductive cells, to
ionizing radiation is:
Correct : B. Somatic effects
5. A low density image of the letter ‘B’ on a radiographic film would probably be caused
by:
Correct : C. Excessive backscatter
6. A term which refers to the sharpness of the radiographic image is:
Correct : D. Definition
7. A dark, irregular indication which is located adjacent to the toe of the weld would
probably be:
Correct : A. Undercut
8. A term which refers to the smallest detail visible in a radiograph is called:
Correct : A. Radiographic sensitivity
9. Which type of gamma ray source would be used to radiograph a weld in 150 mm thick
steel plate?
Correct : B. Co-60
10. Generally, X ray output is changed by changing the:
Correct : B. Tube current of the unit
11. Deep scratches on lead intensifying screens will cause?
Correct : B. Irregular light lines on the film
12. Which of the following is classified as electromagnetic radiation?
Correct : D. All of the above
13. The main disadvantage of having a small focal spot on an X ray tube is:
Correct : C. A smaller focal spot is limited to lower tube currents because of the potential damage from overheating
14. Exposure of whole body to moderate radiation doses of 500 – 2000 mSv (50 to
200 rem) would probably cause which of the following effects?
Correct : D. All of the above
15. A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 90 keV is totally absorbed by a test
piece would probably be:
Correct : B. The photoelectric effect
16. The term used to describe the reaction of human reproductive cells, to ionizing
radiation is:
Correct : A. Genetic effects
17. How is the wavelength of scattered radiation related to the primary beam?
Correct : A. Longer
18. Higher X ray tube voltages result in:
Correct : D. All of the above
19. Betatrons are used to produce X rays having energy in the range of:
Correct : A. Several MeV
20. A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays in what range?
Correct : A. Several MeV
21. For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by:
Correct : C. Source strength in curies
22. A term used to describe the range of radiation intensities falling on the film during
exposure is:
Correct : B. Radiographic contrast
23. An expression which is used to describe the slope of a film characteristic curve is:
Correct : D. Film gradient
24. Which of the following factors affect film graininess?
Correct : D. All of the above
25. The amount of radioactivity which corresponds to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second
is called:
Correct : C. 37 GBq (1 curie)
26. The result of filtering the X rays is to produce:
Correct : D. Harder radiation
27. Which of the following actions is performed by lead screens?
Correct : D. All of the above
28. The total radiation dose received equals:
Correct : C. Radiation intensity times time of exposure
29. Which of the following is the most common type of X ray tube?
Correct : A. Bipolar
30. A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 15 MeV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be:
Correct : C. Pair production
31. A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 50 keV is partially absorbed by a test
piece would probably be:
Correct : B. The photoelectric effect
32. A lethal dose of complete body radiation is normally considered to be:
Correct : C. 6-8 Sv (600-800 rem)
33. Almost all gamma radiography today is done with artificially activated:
Correct : B. Isotopes
34. A Curie (37 gigabecquerel)of radioactive material will disintegrate at the rate of:
Correct : B. 37 billion (3.7 × 1010) disintegrations per second
35. The specific activity of radioactive isotopes is measured in:
Correct : C. Ci/g (curies per gram) or Becquerel per gram
36. What is the primary difference between X rays and gamma rays of the same energy?
Correct : D. Origin
37. Screens should be:
Correct : C. In direct contact with the film
38. Lead foil in direct contact with the film in a cassette absorbs:
Correct : C. Long wave length radiation more than short wavelength
39. Lead screens improve mainly the of the final radiograph:
Correct : B. Contrast
40. Lead foil is placed behind the films to:
Correct : B. Reduce non image forming back-scatter
41. A filter will reduce the amount of in the primary radiation beam:
Correct : D. Low energy radiation
42. A filter is placed:
Correct : A. Between the source and the specimen
43. The tube current in milliamps multiplied by the time in seconds or minutes equals:
Correct : C. Exposure
44. If we were to maintain the same exposure but decrease the source to film distance, we must the time of exposure:
Correct : B. Decrease
45. Lead screens act as intensifiers at voltage above:
Correct : B. 150 kV
46. Use of a slower speed film improves the definition of the radiograph because the
slower film:
Correct : D. Has finer grains
47. The penetrameter is a tool used to check the of a radiograph:
Correct : C. Sensitivity
48. When using a radioactive isotope in making a radiograph, we can express the equation
for exposure as Ci × T. In this equation , Ci stands for:
Correct : B. Intensity in curies or becquerels
49. In the radiographic analysis procedure that is used to prepare an exposure chart, the
first step is to:
Correct : A. Make a series of radiographs of a step wedge
50. Which exposure factors are recorded in the process of making a step wedge analysis?
Correct : D. All of the above
51. After the step wedge radiographs have been made, the of the image of
each step is recorded on chart:
Correct : C. Density
52. The process of loading more than one film into a cassette is known as the
technique:
Correct : B. Multiple film technique
53. Which of the following isotopes are commonly used for radiographic purposes?
Correct : A. Iridium-192
54. The process of being radioactive is called (Choose one):
Correct : B. Decaying
55. Which of the following types of radiation is commonly used in radiographic testing?
(Choose one):
Correct : C. gamma rays
56. The amount of X radiation or gamma radiation is often spoken of as the
of the radiation:
Correct : C. Intensity
57. The speed at which X and gamma rays travel is: (choose one)
Correct : A. The speed of light
58. A beam of radiation consisting of a single wavelength is known as: (choose one)
Correct : B. Monochromatic radiation
59. What governs the penetrating ability of an X ray beam?
Correct : A. Kilovoltage
60. The shorter the wavelength of X or gamma rays:
Correct : A. The higher their energy
61. ‘Photoelectric effect’ refers to:
Correct : B. Complete absorption of a photon
62. When a tissue cell in human body is damaged by radiation:
Correct : D. All of the above
63. Lead intensifying screens are used to:
Correct : A. Decrease exposure time
64. Radiographic film speed can be increased by using:
Correct : D. Lead screens versus fluorescent screens
65. A radiation producing device which emits a broad spectrum of wavelengths is:
Correct : B. An X ray machine
66. The primary effect of an increase in the milliamperage at which a X ray tube is being
operated would be to:
Correct : A. Increase the radiation intensity
67. The primary effect of an increase in the kilovoltage at which a X ray tube is being
operated would be to:
Correct : B. Increase penetrating power
68. Which of the following types of intensifying screens are used in industrial radiography?
Correct : A. Lead
69. A change in which of the following parameters would necessitate the construction of a
new X ray exposure chart?
Correct : A. X ray machine used
70. The ASTM penetrameter for a 25 mm thick test piece contains holes of what sizes?
Correct : C. T, 2T, 4T
71. The minimum size hole in an ASTM penetrameter is:
Correct : B. 0.254 mm (0.010 inches)
72. A radiographic sensitivity level of 2-2T means that:
Correct : B. The 2T hole in a penetrameter which is 2% of the test piece thickness must be visible on the film
73. What is the most desirable temperature for manual developer solutions?
Correct : B. 20oC (68oF)
74. What is the longest period of time which should elapse between complete changes of
developer solution?
Correct : D. 3 months
75. A possible result of failing to use a stop bath during manual development is:
Correct : A. Streaking of the film
76. Mottled film may result from:
Correct : D. Any of the above
77. Radiography of tubular sections using a double wall, double viewing technique is
mainly applicable to sections:
Correct : C. 125 mm in diameter and less
78. A thin, white line within the film image of a weld crown might be:
Correct : A. A hair between the lead screen and the film
79. Increasing the kV setting on an X ray machine increases the:
Correct : A. Penetrating power
80. During the manufacturing of a casting, the purpose of a riser is:
Correct : B. To provide additional molten metal to allow for shrinkage during solidification
81. An effective method of recognising a film artifact is:
Correct : B. Viewing film in reflected light from a viewer
82. The main reason for using a casting is that:
Correct : D. None of the above
83. A change in which of the following parameters would require a new X ray exposure
chart?
Correct : B. Required film density
84. Static marks on radiographic film are caused by:
Correct : C. Poor film handling technique
85. Of the following radiographic sources, which emits the most penetrating radiation?
Correct : A. Co-60
86. Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of back
scattered radiation reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?
Correct : B. Backing the cassette with a sheet of lead
87. Radiographic contrast is dependant on:
Correct : D. All of the above
88. A plot of film density versus log of relative exposure is called:
Correct : D. All of the above
89. The most common material used for targets in X ray tubes is:
Correct : A. Tungsten
90. A dark crescent shaped spot, clearly in the base metal adjacent to a weld would
probably be:
Correct : B. Film crimp mark
91. Which of the following are potential sources of scattered radiation?
Correct : D. All of the above
92. If the required exposure time for a 2220 GBq (60 curie) Ir-192 source is 2 minutes,
what exposure time would be required at 1110 GBq (30 curie) source:
Correct : D. 4 minutes
93. An advantage of a larger grain film is:
Correct : A. It has higher speed
94. How does radiation intensity change with increasing distance from the source?
Correct : B. Inversely with the square of distance
95. A weld discontinuity which consists of unmelted joint surfaces at the root, and which
may be caused by poor fit- up, is called:
Correct : C. Incomplete penetration
96. Mottling due to X ray diffraction can be identified by:
Correct : B. Noting a slight change between two successive exposures with the test piece rotated slightly about the beam axis
97. Which of the following welding discontinuities would be considered the most serious?
Correct : C. Crack
98. A depression at the edge of a weld where the base metal has been melted during
welding is called:
Correct : B. Undercut
99. Which of the following would not be considered a film artifact?
Correct : A. Sugar
100. Gamma ray or high voltage X ray radiography, using film without lead screens, is
likely to result in: