1. How will the excess surface penetrant be removed if a post emulsified penetrant was
used:
Correct : C. Water wash part observing correct recommended rules
2. A common application of an aluminium block containing quench cracks is to:
Correct : A. Determine penetrant test sensitivity
3. Which of the following is not (!) an advantage of a water washable fluorescent
penetrant process?
Correct : C. It is readily removed from shallow discontinuities
4. When using a water washable penetrant testing process, why should the water rinse
temperature remain constant?
Correct : C. To avoid over washing
5. What is the proper technique for removal of excess penetrant from a part when using a
water washable penetrant process?
Correct : D. Coarse spray at 45 degrees to the surface
6. Which type of developer would you use to obtain the highest sensitivity test results?
Correct : B. Non-aqueous wet
7. What type of penetrant process would be best suited to an application at near freezing
temperatures?
Correct : D. None of the above
8. Which type of developer does not (!) provide a contrasting background against which
to view penetrant indications?
Correct : A. Dry
9. Which type of developer should not be used with a visible dye penetrant process?
Correct : A. Dry
10. Why might steel parts have a greater tendency towards rusting after penetrant testing?
Correct : C. Any protective oils are removed during penetrant testing
11. The most significant advantage of the visible solvent removable penetrant process is?
Correct : B. Portability
12. Which penetrant test processes commonly use the same penetrants?
Correct : C. Solvent removable and post emulsifier
13. Mercury vapour black lights may be extinguished if the supply voltage drops below
about:
Correct : D. 200 volts
14. The output of a mercury vapour black light depends on:
Correct : C. Both a and b
15. When a mercury vapour black light is first turned on, what minimum warm-up time is normally required?
Correct : C. 5 minutes
16. When a mercury vapour black light is inadvertently cut off, approximately how long should it be allowed to cool before attempting to restart?
Correct : C. 5 minutes
17. A soft aluminium test piece is to be penetrant tested. The piece has previously been sand blasted to remove tightly adhering soils. What additional surface preparation should be performed?
Correct : C. Ultrasonic cleaning
18. Dried, non-aqueous developers are best removed after penetrant testing by:
Correct : D. Any of the above
19. The most important penetrant test processing time to control is:
Correct : A. Penetrant dwell time
20. A penetrant which contains an emulsifier is called:
Correct : B. Water washable
21. A penetrant which requires a separate emulsification step prior to removal from the surface of the test piece is called?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
22. The chief advantage of using a water washable penetrant process is:
Correct : B. Safety
23. While performing a fluorescent water washable penetrant test, which of the following
steps should be performed under black light?
Correct : B. Excess penetrant removal
24. What are the two most important properties in determining the penetrating ability of a penetrant?
Correct : C. Surface tension and wetting ability
25. The human eye is most sensitive to which of the following types of light?
Correct : C. Blue-violet
26. What amount of time is normally considered necessary for dark adaption of the eyes prior to performing a fluorescent penetrant test?
Correct : C. 3 to 5 minutes
27. Which of the following is not normally recommended?
Correct : A. Performing a fluorescent penetrant test following a visible penetrant test?
28. What is the most common source of penetrant bath contamination?
Correct : B. Water
29. Which of the following is normally considered acceptable practice?
Correct : D. Removing excess penetrant with a water spray
30. A penetrant testing method in which an emulsifier, separate from the penetrant, is used
is called:
Correct : C. Post emulsifying
31. A penetrant testing method in which the degree of washability can be controlled by the
operator is called:
Correct : C. Water washable
32. Open, shallow discontinuities are best detected by which penetrant testing method?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
33. An advantage of the post emulsifiable penetrant testing process is that:
Correct : A. Test pieces can be re-processed several times with little loss of sensitivity
34. A disadvantage of the post emulsifiable penetrant process is that:
Correct : D. Emulsifier application is an extra processing step
35. Acceptable methods to apply emulsifier are:
Correct : D. All of the above
36. An advantage of emulsifier application by dipping is:
Correct : B. All of the test object is coated at approximately the same time
37. Emulsification time is less critical for the detection of:
Correct : A. Fine, tight cracks
38. Over washing during excess penetrant removal is less likely with which penetrant
testing process?
Correct : B. Water washable
39. The fluorescent dyes used in the liquid penetrant testing process are most active when
energised with black light of what wavelengths? (Å stands for angstrom units)
Correct : D. 3.65 × 10-7m (3650 Å)
40. Application of penetrant to a test piece may be by:
Correct : A. Dipping, brushing or spraying
41. The penetrant process best suited to use on parts with rough surfaces is:
Correct : B. Water washable
42. The penetrant process best suited for the detection of very fine discontinuities is:
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
43. The penetrant process best suited for use on parts with keyways and threads is:
Correct : B. Water washable
44. Indications which are caused by design or construction of the test piece are called?
Correct : B. Non-relevant
45. Indications which are caused by something other than a discontinuity are called:
Correct : B. Non-relevant
46. Which of the following discontinuities would you not expect to find in a casting?
Correct : C. Cold shuts
47. Which type of casting is made in a metal mould?
Correct : C. Die casting
48. The act of determining the cause of an indication is called
Correct : A. Interpretation
49. The act of determining the effect of a discontinuity of the usefulness of a part is called:
Correct : C. Evaluation
50. Contaminants which are commonly limited in penetrant materials are:
Correct : D. Chlorine and sulphur
51. The most likely result of a too short dwell time of an emulsifier is:
Correct : B. Incomplete removal of excess surface penetrant
52. Diffusion of a lipophilic emulsifier penetrant into the test piece surface is stopped by:
Correct : D. The water rinse step
53. When using a post emulsifiable penetrant process, it is important to drain as much excess penetrant as possible from the surface of a test piece which has been immersed in the penetrant because:
Correct : D. None of the above
54. When a drain-dwell technique is used during emulsification, what two mechanisms are
responsible for combining the emulsifier and penetrant?
Correct : A. Diffusion and turbulent mixing
55. When performing a post emulsifiable penetrant test, the test piece does not rinse acceptable clean during normal processing. What should be done?
Correct : D. Clean the test piece and re-process through the complete penetrant test process
56. The adequacy of excess penetrant removal, using water washable penetrant process, is judged and controlled by:
Correct : C. Visual observation
57. Another name for a self-emulsifying penetrant process is:
Correct : B. Water washable
58. Which of the following is a function of an emulsifier?
Correct : D. None of the above
59. When viewed under black light, developer appears:
Correct : B. Blue-black
60. Penetrant developers are used in which of the following forms?
Correct : D. All of the above
61. Which of the following developers requires the test piece to be dried prior to its
application?
Correct : C. Non-aqueous suspendable
62. An effect of a thick developer coating might be:
Correct : A. To obscure discontinuity indications
63. Why is it important to view the test piece shortly after developer application and
periodically through the development time?
Correct : C. To avoid missing small flaw indications adjacent to areas of high bleed-out
64. Which of the following is an advantage of a dry developer?
Correct : D. All of the above
65. Why is the need for a dry surface prior to developer application more of a disadvantage with a dry developer than with a non-aqueous wet developer?
Correct : A. Because the dry developer only forms a thin film on the surface of the test piece
66. The preferred method of application of aqueous wet developer is:
Correct : D. All of the above
67. It is easier to control developer coating thickness with a soluble developer than a water
suspendable one because:
Correct : D. All of the above
68. Which of the following is not an advantage of an aqueous wet developer?
Correct : A. It may be applied to a dry surface
69. A disadvantage of water soluble developers is:
Correct : D. None of the above
70. Fluorescent penetrant indications are more visible than colour contrast penetrant
indications because:
Correct : B. They emit rather than reflect light
71. The tendency of a liquid to be drawn into small discontinuities is called:
Correct : C. Capillary action
72. A liquid which reacts with a penetrant to render it water washable is called:
Correct : B. Emulsifier
73. A water tolerance test would be performed on:
Correct : D. Water washable penetrants and lipophilic emulsifiers
74. A problem which could be caused by a penetrant with abnormally high water content
is:
Correct : B. Rusting of steel parts
75. Deterioration of penetrant material performance may be caused by which of the
following?
Correct : D. All of the above
76. When adding water to a penetrant, the water tolerance limit is indicated when:
Correct : C. Permanent cloudiness occurs
77. Possible degradation of penetrant materials performance is often checked by:
Correct : A. Performing penetrant testing of comparator blocks using samples of new and used penetrant materials
78. The most common biological effect of penetrant materials on personnel is:
Correct : B. Skin irritation caused by removal of natural oils from the skin
79. Hydrophilic emulsifiers may be applied by:
Correct : D. All of the above
80. The term ‘drag out losses’ refers to:
Correct : A. Loss of penetrant materials that are carried from one processing station to another on the test piece
81. The diffusion mechanism is used in the operation of:
Correct : B. Lipophilic emulsifiers
82. The concentration of a hydrophilic emulsifier may be measured by:
Correct : C. An optical refraction meter
83. When applied by immersion, an optimum concentration for a hydrophilic emulsifier is about:
Correct : C. 2.5–20%
84. Hydrophilic emulsifier contact time depends on which of the following?
Correct : D. All of the above
85. How is the correct emulsifier contact time determined?
Correct : C. Experiment
86. Which of the following is used in connection with hydrophilic emulsifier applied by
immersion?
Correct : B. Agitation
87. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a hydrophilic emulsifier?
Correct : B. Economical
88. During excess penetrant removal, a water spray pre-rinse might be used with:
Correct : B. A hydrophilic emulsifier
89. Re-cycling of penetrant and rinse water is facilitated with which of the following
emulsifier types?
Correct : B. Hydrophilic
90. Which type of emulsifier is intended for use without dilution?
Correct : C. Lipophilic
91. Halogen content of penetrant materials is limited because of the possibility of stress
corrosion cracking in which of the following materials?
Correct : D. All of the above
92. The most likely cause of loss of performance in a lipophilic emulsifier is:
Correct : B. Water contamination
93. In performing a water content test of a lipophilic emulsifier per ASTM D-95, what
solvent is used?
Correct : D. Xylene
94. Which of the following developers would you expect to be the least sensitive?
Correct : C. Dry immersion (dip)
95. Which of the following developers would you expect to be the most sensitive?
Correct : D. Non-aqueous wet (solvent spray)
96. Which of the following developers would you expect to be the least sensitive?
Correct : B. Water suspendable wet (spray)
97. Which of the following developers would you expect to be the most sensitive?
Correct : D. Water soluble (immersion)
98. Dual purpose penetrants are viewed under what type of light?
Correct : C. Both a and b
99. When is it possible to detect slightly sub-surface defects using penetrant testing?
Correct : C. It is not possible to detect slightly sub-surface defects using penetrant testing
100. Which of the following would be classed as an in-service fault?