1. Liquid penetrant testing is based on the principle of:
Correct : D. Capillary action
2. When a small diameter tube is placed in a glass of water, water rises in the tube to a
level above the adjacent surface. This is called:
Correct : B. Capillary action
3. How is the size of a liquid penetrant indication usually related to the discontinuity it
represents:
Correct : A. Larger than
4. A penetrant that is self-emulsifying is called:
Correct : B. Water washable
5. A penetrant process which employs an emulsifier as a separate step in the penetrant
removal process is called:
Correct : C. Post-emulsified
6. A penetrant process in which excess penetrant is removed with an organic solvent is
called:
Correct : A. Solvent removable
7. Which of the following statements accurately describes the capabilities of liquid
penetrant testing?
Correct : C. Liquid penetrant testing is useful for locating discontinuities which are open to the surface in non-porous materials
8. Which of the following discontinuity types could typically be found with a liquid
penetrant test?
Correct : D. Fatigue cracks
9. Which of the following chemical elements are normally held to a minimum in liquid
penetrant materials, when testing stainless steel and titanium?
Correct : B. Chlorine
10. Which of the following chemical elements are normally held to a minimum in liquid
penetrant materials when testing nickel based alloys?
Correct : A. Sulphur
11. Which of the following is the most desirable method of pre-cleaning a test piece prior
to penetrant testing?
Correct : B. Vapour degreasing
12. Which of the following pre-cleaning processes is not recommended?
Correct : C. Shot blasting
13. A wire brush should be used for pre-cleaning:
Correct : C. When rust is to be removed
14. A hydrometer is used to measure:
Correct : B. Specific gravity of water based wet developers
15. Visible, solvent removable penetrants are most advantageous for:
Correct : C. Inspecting parts at remote locations
16. For adequate test results, the black light used in fluorescent penetrant examination
should provide what minimum black light intensity at the test surface?
Correct : B. 1000 microwatts per square centimetre
17. What minimum warm-up time is required for acceptable performance of a mercury
Vapour arc black light?
Correct : C. 5 minutes
18. Which of the following penetrants contains an emulsifying agent?
Correct : B. Water washable
19. Which of the following penetrants must be treated with an emulsifier prior to water
removal?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
20. What is the function of an emulsifier?
Correct : D. To make a post emulsifiable penetrant water washable
21. An oil based emulsifier is called:
Correct : C. Lipophilic
22. A water based emulsifier is called:
Correct : A. Hydrophilic
23. Methylene chloride, isopropyl, alcohol, naptha and mineral spirits are examples of:
Correct : C. Solvent removers
24. What type of solvent removers may be used with a solvent removable penetrant?
Correct : B. Only the cleaner recommended by the manufacturer of the penetrant
25. Which of the following is a prerequisite for a penetrant test?
Correct : B. Any surface coatings or soils must be completely removed
26. Which of the following types of pre-cleaning processes may be used for liquid
penetrant testing?
Correct : D. Any process that leaves the part clean and dry, does not harm the part and is
27. What is the likely result of incomplete removal of all excess penetrant from the test
piece surface?
Correct : A. Formation of false indications
28. What is the preferred pre-cleaning process for removal of oil and grease :
Correct : B. Vapour degreasing
29. Which pre-cleaning method may be used with either a solvent or a detergent solution?
Correct : A. Ultrasonic cleaning
30. What is the danger associated with using a wire brush during pre-cleaning?
Correct : D. The wire brush may close or smear metal over
31. What is the preferred method of removing paint prior to performing a penetrant
testing?
Correct : B. Chemical removers
32. What additional surface preparation or cleaning must be performed on a machined or
ground aluminium casting prior to penetrant testing?
Correct : B. Etching
33. Acceptable methods of penetrant application are:
Correct : D. All of the above
34. The time period during which penetrant remains on the surface of the test piece is
called:
Correct : A. Dwell time
35. Excess penetrant removal is a two step process with which of the following penetrant
methods?
Correct : B. Post emulsifiable
36. A developer aids penetrant bleed out because of:
Correct : C. Capillary action
37. In the solvent removable penetrant process, excess penetrant is removed with:
Correct : D. Clean, lint free towels slightly moistened with solvent
38. Water based wet developer is applied:
Correct : B. Immediately after removal of excess penetrant
39. Non-aqueous wet developer is applied:
Correct : C. After the excess penetrant is removed and part surface is dried
40. Dry developer is applied:
Correct : C. After drying of the part
41. Typical ranges of emulsifier dwell times are:
Correct : C. 1 to 3 minutes
42. Actual emulsification times are determined by:
Correct : A. Experiment, during technique qualification
43. The colour of fluorescent penetrant under the presence of a UV light is:
Correct : A. Yellow-green
44. What action is necessary if the penetrant is inadvertently allowed to dry on the test
piece?
Correct : A. Repeat the test, beginning with the pre-cleaning operation
45. What maximum water rinse pressure is considered safe for removal of excess
penetrant in the water washable penetrant process?
Correct : A. As low a pressure as possible, 50 PSI maximum
46. During the water rinse step of the water washable penetrant process, what is the
desired angle of the spray to the surface?
Correct : C. 45 degrees
47. Which type of emulsifier is designed to be used as a ‘scrubber’?
Correct : A. Hydrophilic
48. Post cleaning is especially important when:
Correct : D. The test object will be used in a liquid oxygen environment
49. When using a hydrophilic emulsifier, the amount of penetrant removed is most
affected by:
Correct : A. Solution strength and time of spray
50. If a mercury vapour arc black light is inadvertently turned off, how soon may it be
restarted?
Correct : C. 10 minutes
51. Which of the following is normally prohibited as a method of removing excess
penetrant when using the solvent removable penetrant process?
Correct : C. A solvent spray
52. When performing a fluorescent penetrant examination, excess penetrant is normally
removed:
Correct : B. Under UV light
53. During a visible, solvent removable penetrant test, complete penetrant removal is
indicated by:
Correct : D. Absence of red dye on the cleaning towels
54. Which of the following is a function of a developer
Correct : A. Providing a contrasting background for visible dye indications
55. Which of the following is a function of a developer?
Correct : D. All of the above
56. Which of the following developers is applied before the drying operation?
Correct : C. Water based wet
57. The most sensitive type of developer for the detection of fine discontinuities is:
Correct : B. Non-aqueous wet
58. Which of the following is the most sensitive developer in descending order?
Correct : B. Non-aqueous wet, water soluble, water suspendable ,dry
59. Low sulphur and chlorine penetrant materials would be used for testing:
Correct : C. Austenitic stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium
60. Which type of developer may be either in suspension or a solution?
Correct : C. Water based wet
61. The temperature of water rinse used in the water washable penetrant process should
be:
Correct : C. 16 to 43oC
62. The danger of over washing during a water washable penetrant test is that:
Correct : B. Penetrant will be removed from discontinuities
63. Which penetrant process is best suited to high production rates of many small parts?
Correct : B. Water washable
64. Which penetrant process is best suited to detect shallow discontinuities?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
65. Which penetrant process is best suited to the detection of discontinuities in a test piece
having threads and keyways?
Correct : B. Water washable
66. Which penetrant process is the most sensitive to detect fine discontinuities?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable fluorescent
67. Which penetrant process is best suited for portable application in the field?
Correct : A. Solvent removable
68. Which penetrant process should be used if repeated examinations are anticipated?
Correct : A. Solvent removable
69. What is a disadvantage of using the fluorescent penetrant process?
Correct : B. Must be performed in a darkened area with aid of a UV lamp
70. Which of the following developers is applied by brush, spraying or dipping?
Correct : B. Water based wet
71. Which of the following developers is applied by spray only?
Correct : A. Non-aqueous wet
72. Which of the following developers is applied by immersion or flow on only?
Correct : B. Water based wet
73. What is the minimum time considered necessary for dark adaptation of the eyes prior
to evaluating the results of a fluorescent penetrant test?
Correct : C. 5 minutes
74. What is the likely result of looking directly into a black light?
Correct : D. Fluorescence of the fluid in the eye
75. Which type of penetrant process would be best suited to the detection of wide, shallow
discontinuities?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
76. Which type of penetrant process affords most control of test sensitivity level?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
77. Which type of penetrant process is least susceptible to over washing?
Correct : C. Post emulsifiable
78. What is a disadvantage of the solvent removable penetrant process?
Correct : B. It is not well suited for use on rough surfaces
79. Which of the following is the proper first step in removal of excess penetrant when using the solvent removable penetrant process?
Correct : C. Wipe the test piece surface with clean, lint free towels slightly moistened
80. Which of the following types of penetrants, developers, solvents are used when conducting a liquid penetrant test on a part that is exposed to a liquid oxygen environment.
82. Which of the following metals must be tested with low halogen sulphur free penetrant
materials:
Correct : D. Plastic, wood, paper
83. Penetrant testing is limited by its inability to test which of the following materials:
Correct : D. Moulded rubber
84. Liquid penetrants can be further categorised by the removal method of excess surface
penetrant:
Correct : A. Water washable
85. The typical temperature ranges for conducting a liquid penetrant test is:
Correct : B. 10 to 60ºF
86. Surface breaking porosity will show what type of relevant indications when a welded
aluminium plate is tested with the liquid penetrant method:
Correct : B. Square indications
87. Cracks, lack of penetration, lack of fusion which are surface breaking on a welded
aluminium plate which has been liquid penetrant tested will show as:
Correct : C. Square indications
88. Which of the following methods is not recommended for pre-cleaning prior to a liquid
penetrant test:
Correct : D. All of the listed methods are not recommended
89. The purpose of using a developer is:
Correct : B. Assists in reverse capillary action due to absorption ability of developers
90. The typical sequence of conducting a visible solvent removable penetrant is:
Correct : D. Spray on a thick layer of developer
91. The principle on which liquid penetrant testing is based on is:
Correct : A. Capillary action of the penetrant
92. The limitation of a liquid penetrant test is:
Correct : B. Porous materials cannot be tested
93. Penetrants may be applied to the surface of part by :
Correct : B. Dipping
94. Which of the following is a reason to post clean a part after a liquid penetrant test:
Correct : C. Developers absorb moisture and may result in part being corroded
95. Which of the following penetrant has a built-in emulsifier
Correct : A. Water washable
96. Liquid penetrants can be classified into the types of dyes they contain:
Correct : D. All of the listed is correct
97. The advantages of using a visible solvent removable penetrant versus a post
emulsified fluorescent penetrant is:
Correct : D. No extra equipment is needed
98. The following precautions must be observed when removing the excess surface
penetrant with a water wash method using a hose pipe:
Correct : B. A coarse droplet spray
99. The typical causes for false indications are:
Correct : B. Sharp corners, pop rivets
100. Liquid penetrants can be further categorised by the removal method of excess surface
penetrant: