1. Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.
Correct : B. gamma rays
2. In the Visible spectrum the ______ colour has the maximum wavelength.
Correct : C. red
3. Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light)
Correct : D. c = wavelength * frequency
4. Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a
Correct : A. sine wave
5. How is radiance measured?
Correct : B. watts
6. Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans?
Correct : B. soft x-rays
7. Which of the following is impractical to measure?
Correct : D. brightness
8. Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called
Correct : A. photon
9. What do you mean by achromatic light?
Correct : B. monochromatic light
10. Which of the following embodies the achromatic notion of intensity?
Correct : B. brightness
11. Which of the following is a receptor in the retina of human eye?
Correct : C. rods and cones
12. How is image formation in the eye different from that in a photographic camera
Correct : B. variable focal length
13. Range of light intensity levels to which the human eye can adapt (in Log of Intensity-mL)
Correct : C. 10-6 to 104
14. What is subjective brightness?
Correct : A. related to intensity
15. What is brightness adaptation?
Correct : A. changing the eye’s overall sensitivity
16. The inner most membrane of the human eye is
Correct : D. retina
17. What is the function of Iris?
Correct : D. control amount of light
18. ________ serve to a general, overall picture of the field of view.
Correct : B. rods
19. Ratio of number of rods to the number of cones is _______
Correct : A. 1:20
20. The absence of receptors is in the retinal area called _____________
Correct : C. blind spot
21. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is
Correct : B. photodiode
22. A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition
Correct : B. sensor strips
23. CAT in imaging stands for
Correct : D. computerised axial tomography
24. The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the _____________
Correct : A. spacial domain
25. The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image is ___________
Correct : C. contrast
26. _____________ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image.
Correct : C. false contouring
27. The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called
Correct : B. interpolation
28. Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication?
Correct : C. pixelation
29. The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is
Correct : D. single pixel operation
30. In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.
Correct : A. tie points
31. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.
Correct : D. sampling
32. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________
Correct : A. quantisation
33. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________
Correct : C. false contours
34. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________
Correct : A. intensity resolution
35. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?
Correct : B. interpolation
36. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________
Correct : D. nearest neighbour interpolation
37. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________
Correct : B. nearest neighbour interpolation
38. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by
Correct : A. saturation
39. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by
Correct : C. noise
40. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways
Correct : D. none of the mentioned
41. In 4-neighbours of a pixel p, how far are each of the neighbours located from p?
Correct : A. one pixel apart
42. If S is a subset of pixels, pixels p and q are said to be ____________ if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in S.
Correct : C. connected
43. If R is a subset of pixels, we call R a _________ of the image if R is a connected set.
Correct : B. region
44. Two regions are said to be ___________ if their union forms a connected set.
Correct : A. adjacent
45. If an image contains K disjoint regions, what does the union of all the regions represent?
Correct : B. foreground
46. For a region R, the set of points that are adjacent to the complement of R is called as ________
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
47. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r centred at (x,y) is called :
Correct : A. euclidean distance
48. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a diamond centred at (x,y) is called :
Correct : C. city-block distance
49. The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a square centred at (x,y) is called :
Correct : B. chessboard distance
50. Which of the following is NOT is not a type of Adjacency?
Correct : D. none of the mentioned
51. How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?
Correct : B. s = l – 1 – r
52. The general form of log transformations is ____________________.
Correct : A. s = c.log(1 + r)
53. Power-law transformations has the basic form of ________________, where c and ? are constants.
Correct : C. s = c * r?
54. For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset?
Correct : D. zero
55. What is Gamma Correction?
Correct : A. a power-law response phenomenon
56. Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display?
Correct : B. contrast sketching
57. Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called ___________.
Correct : C. intensity slicing
58. Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____________________.
Correct : C. bit-plane slicing
59. Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an image?
Correct : C. image negatives
60. Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following?
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
61. What is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques?
Correct : C. histogram
62. In _______ image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale.
Correct : B. dark
63. What is Histogram Equalisation also called as?
Correct : C. histogram linearisation
64. What is Histogram Matching also called as?
Correct : B. histogram specification
65. Histogram Equalisation is mainly used for _________________________.
Correct : A. image enhancement
66. To reduce computation if one utilises non-overlapping regions, it usually produces ______ effect.
Correct : C. blocky
67. What does SEM stands for?
Correct : C. scanning electron microscope
68. The type of Histogram Processing in which pixels are modified based on the intensity distribution of the image is called _______________.
Correct : C. global
69. Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed enhancements?
Correct : B. local
70. In uniform PDF, the expansion of PDF is ____________________________.
Correct : D. probability density function
71. What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as?
Correct : A. filtering
72. A filter that passes low frequencies is ____________________.
Correct : C. low pass filter
73. What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of products at each location called as?
Correct : B. correlation
74. The standard deviation controls “____________” of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of bell shape).
Correct : C. tightness
75. What is required to generate an M X N linear spatial filter?
Correct : A. mn mask coefficients
76. What is the difference between Convolution and Correlation?
Correct : B. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution
77. Convolution and Correlation are functions of __________________.
Correct : D. displacement
78. The function that contains a single 1 with the rest being 0s is called ____________________.
Correct : C. discrete unit impulse
79. Which of the following involves Correlation?
Correct : A. matching
80. An example of a continuous function of two variables is _____________
Correct : D. gaussian function
81. The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ____________ of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood of the filter mask.
Correct : C. average
82. Averaging filters is also known as ____________ filter.
Correct : A. low pass
83. What is the undesirable side effects of Averaging filters?
Correct : C. blurred edges
84. A spatial averaging filter in which all coefficients are equal is called _______________.
Correct : C. box filter
85. Which term is used to indicate that pixels are multiplied by different coefficients?
Correct : A. weighted average
86. The non linear spacial filters whose response is based on ordering of the pixels contained is called _____________.
Correct : D. order-statistic filter
87. Impulse noise in Order-statistic filter is also called as _______________.
Correct : C. salt and pepper noise
88. Best example for a Order-statistic filter is ____________________.
Correct : C. median filter
89. What does “eliminated” refer to in median filter?
Correct : B. force to median intensity of neighbours
90. Which of the following is best suited for salt-and-pepper noise elimination?
Correct : D. median filter
91. What is the set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called?
Correct : C. fuzzy set
92. Which is the set, whose membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic?
Correct : B. crisp set
93. If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called _____________
Correct : B. universe of discourse
94. A fuzzy set ‘A’ in Z is characterized by a ____________ that associates with element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1].
Correct : C. membership function
95. A fuzzy set is ________ if and only if membership function is identically zero in Z.
Correct : A. empty
96. Which of the following is a type of Membership function?
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
97. Which of the following is not a type of Membership function?
Correct : D. none of the mentioned
98. Using IF-THEN rule to create the output of fuzzy system is called __________.
Correct : C. both the mentioned
99. What is the independent variable of fuzzy output?
Correct : A. maturity
100. Which of the following is not a principle step in fuzzy technique?