1. The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the _____________
Correct : A. pleasure principle
2. _____________of behaviour is accomplished by rewarding successive
approximations of the desired behaviour.
Correct : A. shaping
3. An individual who has achieved __________ is happy, autonomous, and
creative.
Correct : C. self-actualization
4. According to Rogers, ___________from parents is necessary for children to
develop healthy self- concepts.
Correct : C. unconditional positive regard
5. A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to
existing responses is________________
Correct : D. classical conditioning
6. Freud believed that human behaviour is primarily motivated by the
psychosexual energy he called_______________.
Correct : B. libido
7. The unpleasantness of _________ motivates individuals to avoid or reduce
inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
Correct : B. cognitive dissonance
8. A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the
___________experienced by an agoraphobic client.
Correct : A. anxiety
9. In Jung’s theory, ______ is the tendency toward subjective functioning,
with the self being of greatest importance
Correct : A. introversion
10. Behaviour modification programs in schools or group homes often use
_____________ to motivate participants.
Correct : B. token economy
11. Through ____________ undesirable behaviour may be eliminated.
Correct : B. extinction
12. Adler is related to :
Correct : C. use of family constellation
13. Allport is related to :
Correct : D. traits and values
14. Bandura is related to :
Correct : A. vicarious conditioning,
15. Cattell is related to :
Correct : A. 16 personality factor,
16. Erickson is related to :
Correct : B. stage theory of development,
17. Festinger is related to :
Correct : C. cognitive dissonance,
18. Freud is related to :
Correct : C. id, ego, superego
19. Jung is related to :
Correct : A. introversion – extroversion,
20. Social learning theory uses the concept of modeling to explain some aspect of human behavior. The concept that best explains how modeling
works within this theory is
Correct : C. vicarious reinforcement
21. Counselors who follow Maslow’s theory believe people’s behaviors are
directed by
Correct : D. need gratification
22. Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from
sources external to the person. According to Rotter, people’s behaviour is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called
Correct : A. locus of control
23. A client who reverts to old behaviour patterns is said to be
Correct : D. regressing
24. As a counselor in a community mental health centre, you receive a pay check every other Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement
schedule?
Correct : B. fixed interval
25. Jung’s work forms the basis for many personality concepts of interest
today. Among these are
Correct : D. all the above
26. In adult development, mid-life is characterized by
Correct : C. a sense of time running out
27. Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships
between objects despite their physical manipulation?
Correct : B. concrete operations
28. Which of the following describes Roger’s view of humanity?
Correct : C. people are inherently go
29. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development,
Correct : A. most fail to go beyond the conventional level
30. Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes
individuals
Correct : C. seek consistency in cognitive structure
31. The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during
adulthood was
Correct : A. jung
32. A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense
of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as
Correct : B. hyperkinesis
33. According to Adler’s theory of individual psychology, when an
individual’s real self and self-ideal do not match,
Correct : D. feeling of inferiority arise
34. As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is “anorexia nervosa”. You
would expect the client to be
Correct : D. none of the above
35. Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are
Correct : C. murray and maslow
36. When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or
impulses to others. This is an example of
Correct : B. projection
37. The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory,
means
Correct : A. a dominant characteristic of the individual
38. A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches
treatment
Correct : C. from a behvaioural standpoint
39. Lewin theorizes that an individual’s behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This
approach to human development may be called
Correct : B. phenomenological
40. _____________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive.
Correct : D. empathy
41. Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own
values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________.
Correct : D. genuineness
42. Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have
difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship.
Correct : B. intimacy
43. The approach used by__________ is very effective for treating depression.
Correct : B. beck
44. When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once
attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place.
Correct : C. transference
45. The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with
a tendency toward growth and productivity.
Correct : C. client-centered view
46. Glasser’s Reality Therapy focuses on
Correct : D. identity
47. Systematic desensitization is a technique whereby a client resolves
irrational fears through gradual exposure to the fear-producing stimulus. It was first developed as a therapy technique by
Correct : B. wolpe
48. Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal
Correct : B. accent and/or contradict verbals
49. Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for
effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions?
Correct : C. insight
50. Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their
primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to
Correct : D. perls
51. Some counseling techniques are appropriate for individual counseling,
while others apply more to group counseling. Which of the following counselor skills applied to individual as well as group counseling?
Correct : A. summarizing
52. The counseling profession is based upon some general philosophical
propositions. Which of these is not one of them?
Correct : D. counseling is a clearly defined helping relationship.
53. Which counselor intervention most closely follows client verbalizations?
Correct : C. restatement of content
54. Which of these is not one of the core elements of the helping
relationship?
Correct : A. psychodynamics
55. Maslow believes that individuals are unable to reach self-actualization
until they
Correct : C. satisfy lower order needs
56. Counselors who choose their approach and techniques according to the
needs and capacity of each individual client are said to be
Correct : D. eclectic
57. The “mediator” is an important dimension of which type of
consultation?
Correct : B. triadic
58. When a counselor’s response includes congruent ideas and feelings from another frame of reference to facilitate client exploration, Ivey
would say the counselor is using
Correct : C. additive empathy
59. “Empty chair” is a group technique used by which type of group
counselor?
Correct : A. gestalt
60. Johari’s window is a technique used to indicate differences in.
Correct : C. openness
61. Which type of group counselor views people as basically positive and
moving toward actualization?
Correct : B. group centered
62. Oral or written behavioural agreements in groups counseling are
referred to as
Correct : C. contracts
63. Brainstorming is a process used by groups for problem solving. Which
of these is not a characteristic of brain storming?
Correct : A. there is a time limit
64. In rational-emotive and cognitive- behavioural therapy groups the focus
is more on thoughts than on feelings. These techniques help people become aware of their
Correct : C. self-talk
65. Self-disclosure involves
Correct : B. sharing self-knowledge with the group
66. When a group member projects feelings deriving from past relationship
onto the therapist, it is called
Correct : B. transference
67. Confidentiality may be breached by a counselor
Correct : A. when ordered by the court
68. Role playing is an effective technique used in group counselling. Which
of the following is not a benefit of role playing?