Quiznetik
Communication Engineering | Set 3
1. Coherent PSK and non coherent orthogonal FSK have a difference of in PB.
A. 1db
B. 3db
C. 4db
D. 6db
Correct : C. 4db
2. Which is easier to implement and is preferred?
A. coherent system
B. non coherent system
C. coherent & non coherent system
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. non coherent system
3. Which is the main system consideration?
A. probability of error
B. system complexity
C. random fading channel
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
4. Self information should be
A. positive
B. negative
C. positive & negative
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. positive
5. The unit of average mutual information is
A. bits
B. bytes
C. bits per symbol
D. bytes per symbol
Correct : A. bits
6. When probability of error during transmission is 0.5, it indicates that
A. channel is very noisy
B. no information is received
C. channel is very noisy & no information is received
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. channel is very noisy & no information is received
7. The event with minimum probability has least number of bits.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
8. The method of converting a word to stream of bits is called as
A. binary coding
B. source coding
C. bit coding
D. cipher coding
Correct : B. source coding
9. When the base of the logarithm is 2, then the unit of measure of information is
A. bits
B. bytes
C. nats
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. bits
10. When X and Y are statistically independent, then I (x,y) is
A. 1
B. 0
C. ln 2
D. cannot be determined
Correct : B. 0
11. The self information of random variable is
A. 0
B. 1
C. infinite
D. cannot be determined
Correct : C. infinite
12. Entropy of a random variable is
A. 0
B. 1
C. infinite
D. cannot be determined
Correct : C. infinite
13. Which is more efficient method?
A. encoding each symbol of a block
B. encoding block of symbols
C. encoding each symbol of a block & encoding block of symbols
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. encoding block of symbols
14. Lempel-Ziv algorithm is
A. variable to fixed length algorithm
B. fixed to variable length algorithm
C. fixed to fixed length algorithm
D. variable to variable length algorithm
Correct : A. variable to fixed length algorithm
15. While recovering signal, which gets attenuated more?
A. low frequency component
B. high frequency component
C. low & high frequency component
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. high frequency component
16. Mutual information should be
A. positive
B. negative
C. positive & negative
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. positive & negative
17. ASCII code is a
A. fixed length code
B. variable length code
C. fixed & variable length code
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. fixed length code
18. Which reduces the size of the data?
A. source coding
B. channel coding
C. source & channel coding
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. source coding
19. In digital image coding which image must be smaller in size?
A. input image
B. output image
C. input & output image
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. output image
20. Which coding method uses entropy coding?
A. lossless coding
B. lossy coding
C. lossless & lossy coding
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. lossy coding
21. Which achieves greater compression?
A. lossless coding
B. lossy coding
C. lossless & lossy coding
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. lossy coding
22. Which are uniquely decodable codes?
A. fixed length codes
B. variable length codes
C. fixed & variable length codes
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. fixed length codes
23. A rate distortion function is a
A. concave function
B. convex function
C. increasing function
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. convex function
24. Which of the following algorithms is the best approach for solving Huffman codes?
A. exhaustive search
B. greedy algorithm
C. brute force algorithm
D. divide and conquer algorithm
Correct : B. greedy algorithm
25. How many printable characters does the ASCII character set consists of?
A. 120
B. 128
C. 100
D. 98
Correct : C. 100
26. Which bit is reserved as a parity bit in an ASCII set?
A. first
B. seventh
C. eighth
D. tenth
Correct : C. eighth
27. How many bits are needed for standard encoding if the size of the character set is X?
A. log x
B. x+1
C. 2x
D. x2
Correct : A. log x
28. The code length does not depend on the frequency of occurrence of characters.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
29. From the following given tree, what is the code word for the character ‘a’?
A. 011
B. 010
C. 100
D. 101
Correct : A. 011
30. From the following given tree, what is the computed codeword for ‘c’?
A. 111
B. 101
C. 110
D. 011
Correct : C. 110
31. What will be the cost of the code if character ci is at depth di and occurs at frequency fi?
A. cifi
B. ∫cifi
C. ∑fidi
D. fidi
Correct : C. ∑fidi
32. An optimal code will always be present in a full tree.
A. true
B. false
Correct : A. true
33. The type of encoding where no character code is the prefix of another character code is called?
A. optimal encoding
B. prefix encoding
C. frequency encoding
D. trie encoding
Correct : B. prefix encoding
34. What is the running time of the Huffman encoding algorithm?
A. o(c)
B. o(log c)
C. o(c log c)
D. o( n log c)
Correct : C. o(c log c)
35. What is the running time of the Huffman algorithm, if its implementation of the priority queue is done using linked lists?
A. o(c)
B. o(log c)
C. o(c log c)
D. o(c2)
Correct : D. o(c2)
36. Notch is a
A. high pass filter
B. low pass filter
C. band stop filter
D. band pass filter
Correct : C. band stop filter
37. Sin wave is
A. aperiodic signal
B. periodic signal
C. random signal
D. deterministic signal
Correct : B. periodic signal
38. What is the role of channel in communication system?
A. acts as a medium to send message signals from transmitter to receiver
B. converts one form of signal to other
C. allows mixing of signals
D. helps to extract original signal from incoming signal
Correct : A. acts as a medium to send message signals from transmitter to receiver
39. Sum of a periodic and aperiodic signal always be an aperiodic signal.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
40. Noise is added to a signal
A. in the channel
B. at receiving antenna
C. at transmitting antenna
D. during regeneration of information
Correct : A. in the channel
41. Agreement between communication devices are called
A. transmission medium
B. channel
C. protocol
D. modem
Correct : C. protocol
42. What is the advantage of superheterodyning?
A. high selectivity and sensitivity
B. low bandwidth
C. low adjacent channel rejection
D. low fidelity
Correct : A. high selectivity and sensitivity
43. Low frequency noise is
A. flicker noise
B. shot noise
C. thermal noise
D. partition noise
Correct : A. flicker noise
44. Relationship between amplitude and frequency is represented by
A. time-domain plot
B. phase-domain plot
C. frequency-domain plot
D. amplitude-domain plot
Correct : C. frequency-domain plot
45. A function f(x) is even, when?
A. f(x) = -f(x)
B. f(x) = f(-x)
C. f(x) = -f(x)f(-x)
D. f(x) = f(x)f(-x)
Correct : B. f(x) = f(-x)
46. The minimum nyquist bandwidth needed for baseband transmission of Rs symbols per second is
A. rs
B. 2rs
C. rs/2
D. rs2
Correct : C. rs/2
47. The capacity relationship is given by
A. c = w log2 ( 1+s/n )
B. c = 2w log2 ( 1+s/n )
C. c = w log2 ( 1-s/n )
D. c = w log10 ( 1+s/n )
Correct : A. c = w log2 ( 1+s/n )
48. Which parameter is called as Shannon limit?
A. pb/n0
B. eb/n0
C. ebn0
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. eb/n0
49. Entropy is the measure of
A. amount of information at the output
B. amount of information that can be transmitted
C. number of error bits from total number of bits
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. amount of information at the output
50. Equivocation is the
A. conditional entropy
B. joint entropy
C. individual entropy
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. conditional entropy
51. For a error free channel, conditional probability should be
A. zero
B. one
C. equal to joint probability
D. equal to individual probability
Correct : A. zero
52. Average effective information is obtained by
A. subtracting equivocation from entropy
B. adding equivocation with entropy
C. ratio of number of error bits by total number of bits
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. subtracting equivocation from entropy
53. Turbo codes are
A. forward error correction codes
B. backward error correction codes
C. error detection codes
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. forward error correction codes
54. Components used for generation of turbo codes are
A. inter leavers
B. punching pattern
C. inter leavers & punching pattern
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. inter leavers & punching pattern
55. Decoders are connected in series.
A. true
B. false
Correct : A. true
56. The inter leaver connected between the two decoders is used to
A. remove error bursts
B. scatter error bursts
C. add error bursts
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. scatter error bursts
57. In soft decision approach what does -127 mean?
A. certainly one
B. certainly zero
C. very likely zero
D. very likely one
Correct : B. certainly zero
58. In soft decision approach 100 means?
A. certainly one
B. certainly zero
C. very likely zero
D. very likely one
Correct : D. very likely one
59. In soft decision approach 0 represents
A. certainly one
B. certainly zero
C. very likely zero
D. could be either zero or one
Correct : D. could be either zero or one
60. In layering, n layers provide service to
A. n layer
B. n-1 layer
C. n+1 layer
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. n+1 layer
61. Which can be used as an intermediate device in between transmitter entity and receiver entity?
A. ip router
B. microwave router
C. telephone switch
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
62. Which has comparatively high frequency component?
A. sine wave
B. cosine wave
C. square wave
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. square wave
63. Which has continuous transmission?
A. asynchronous
B. synchronous
C. asynchronous & synchronous
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. synchronous
64. Which requires bit transitions?
A. asynchronous
B. synchronous
C. asynchronous & synchronous
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. synchronous
65. In synchronous transmission, receiver must stay synchronous for
A. 4 bits
B. 8 bits
C. 9 bits
D. 16 bits
Correct : C. 9 bits
66. How error detection and correction is done?
A. by passing it through equalizer
B. by passing it through filter
C. by amplifying it
D. by adding redundancy bits
Correct : D. by adding redundancy bits
67. Which is more efficient?
A. parity check
B. cyclic redundancy check
C. parity & cyclic redundancy check
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. cyclic redundancy check
68. Which can detect two bit errors?
A. parity check
B. cyclic redundancy check
C. parity & cyclic redundancy check
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. cyclic redundancy check
69. CRC uses
A. multiplication
B. binary division
C. multiplication & binary division
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. multiplication & binary division
70. Block codes can achieve a larger coding gain than convolution coding.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
71. Which of the following indicates the number of input bits that the current output is dependent upon?
A. constraint length
B. code length
C. search window
D. information rate
Correct : A. constraint length
72. Which of the following is not a way to represent convolution code?
A. state diagram
B. trellis diagram
C. tree diagram
D. linear matrix
Correct : D. linear matrix
73. Which of the following is not an algorithm for decoding convolution codes?
A. viterbi algorithm
B. stack algorithm
C. fano’s sequential coding
D. ant colony optimization
Correct : D. ant colony optimization
74. Fano’s algorithm searches all the paths of trellis diagram at same time to find the most probable path.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
75. Which of the following is not an advantage of Fano’s algorithm in comparison to Viterbi’s algorithm?
A. less storage
B. large constraint length
C. error rate
D. small delays
Correct : D. small delays
76. In comparison to stack algorithm, Fano’s algorithm is simpler.
A. true
B. false
Correct : B. false
77. Which of the following is not an error correction and detection code?
A. block code
B. convolutional codes
C. passive codes
D. turbo codes
Correct : C. passive codes
78. Which decoding method involves the evaluation by means of Fano’s algorithm?
A. maximum likelihood decoding
B. sequential decoding
C. maximum a priori
D. minimum mean square
Correct : B. sequential decoding
79. In Viterbi’s algorithm, the selected paths are regarded as
A. survivors
B. defenders
C. destroyers
D. carriers
Correct : A. survivors
80. Pseudorandom signal predicted.
A. can be
B. cannot be
C. maybe
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. can be
81. The properties used for pseudorandom sequence are
A. balance
B. run
C. correlation
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
82. The shift register needs to be controlled by clock pulses.
A. true
B. false
Correct : A. true
83. A linear feedback shift register consists of
A. feedback path
B. modulo 2 adder
C. four stage register
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
84. If the initial pulse of 1000 is fed to shift register, after how many clock pulses does the sequence repeat?
A. 15
B. 16
C. 14
D. 17
Correct : A. 15
85. The sequences produced by shift register depends on
A. number of stages
B. feedback tap connections
C. initial conditions
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
86. For maximal length sequence, the sequence repetition clock pulses p is given by
A. 2n + 1
B. 2n -1
C. 2n
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. 2n -1
87. For any cyclic shift, the auto-correlation function is equal to
A. 1/p
B. -1/p
C. –p
D. p
Correct : B. -1/p
88. Which method is better?
A. to share same bandwidth
B. to share different bandwidth
C. to share same & different bandwidth
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. to share different bandwidth
89. Pulse jammer consists of
A. pulse modulated excess band noise
B. pulse modulated band-limited noise
C. pulse width modulated excess band noise
D. pulse width modulated band-limited noise
Correct : B. pulse modulated band-limited noise
90. Which are the design options for anti jam communicator?
A. time diversity
B. frequency diversity
C. special discrimination
D. all of the mentioned
Correct : D. all of the mentioned
91. The ratio (J/S)reqd gives the measure of
A. vulnerability to interference
B. invulnerability to interference
C. all of the mentioned
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. invulnerability to interference
92. The system should have
A. larger (j/s)reqd
B. greater system’s noise rejection capability
C. larger (j/s)reqd & greater system’s noise rejection capability
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. larger (j/s)reqd & greater system’s noise rejection capability
93. The broadband jammer jams the entire
A. w
B. wss
C. w & wss
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. wss
94. To increase error probability, the processing gain should be
A. increased
B. decreased
C. exponentially increased
D. exponentially decreased
Correct : A. increased
95. Which jamming method produces greater degradation?
A. broadband jamming
B. partial jamming
C. broadband & partial jamming
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : B. partial jamming
96. The jammer which monitors a communicator’s signal is known as
A. frequency follower jammers
B. repeat back jammers
C. frequency follower & repeat back jammers
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. frequency follower & repeat back jammers
97. DS/BPSK includes
A. despreading
B. demodulation
C. despreading & demodulation
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. despreading & demodulation
98. In direct sequence process which step is performed first?
A. de-spreading
B. demodulation
C. despreading & demodulation
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. de-spreading
99. Chip is defined as
A. shortest uninterrupted waveform
B. largest uninterrupted waveform
C. shortest diversion
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : A. shortest uninterrupted waveform
100. Processing gain is given as
A. wss/r
B. rch/r
C. wss/r & rch/r
D. none of the mentioned
Correct : C. wss/r & rch/r