Quiznetik
Physiology | Set 2
1. Human hepatic bile (hepatic bile duct) is largely:
A. water
B. bile salts
C. bile pigment
D. cholesterol
E. lecithin
Correct : A. water
2. The nutritionally essential amino acids include:
A. alanine
B. cysteine
C. tyrosine
D. methionine
E. glutamine
Correct : D. methionine
3. The largest glycogen store in the adult body is in the:
A. liver
B. spleen
C. muscle
D. pancreas
E. circulating red cell mass
Correct : C. muscle
4. TSH secretion is stimulated by:
A. dopamine
B. somatostatin
C. cold temperatures
D. stress
E. glucocorticoids
Correct : C. cold temperatures
5. Thyroxine (T4) has greater affinity for:
A. thyroxine-binding globulin
B. transthyretin
C. thyroxine-binding pre-albumin
D. albumin
E. triiodothyronine
Correct : A. thyroxine-binding globulin
6. GLUT is an example of:
A. simple diffusion
B. facilitated diffusion
C. primary active transport
D. secondary active transport
E. endocytosis
Correct : B. facilitated diffusion
7. The most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas is:
A. A cells
B. B cells
C. C cells
D. D cells
E. F cells
Correct : B. B cells
8. Both insulin and somatostatin:
A. are released from extra-pancreatic sites
B. receptors are linked to G proteins
C. inhibit release of glucagon
D. cause K+ uptake by cells
E. are polypeptides containing two chains linked by disulphide bonds
Correct : C. inhibit release of glucagon
9. Aldosterone is secreted by:
A. zona reticularis
B. zona fasciculata
C. zona glomerulosa
D. zona fasciculata and reticularis
E. zona glomerulosa and fasciculata
Correct : C. zona glomerulosa
10. Regarding aldosterone:
A. it is released in response to hypokalaemia
B. it has glucocorticoid action
C. it works via G proteins to increase Na+ reabsorption
D. its release results in alkaline urine
E. it is highly protein-bound
Correct : B. it has glucocorticoid action
11. Calcitonin secretion is increased by:
A. gastrin
B. CCK
C. secretin
D. glucagon
E. all of the above
Correct : E. all of the above
12. All of the following bind to intracellular receptors EXCEPT:
A. cortisol
B. aldosterone
C. 1,25-DHCC
D. parathyroid hormone
E. thyroxine
Correct : D. parathyroid hormone
13. How many trophic hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
E. 8
Correct : C. 5
14. All of the following are high energy phosphate compounds EXCEPT:
A. adenosine triphosphate
B. glucose 6-phosphate
C. creatine phosphate
D. adenosine diphosphate
E. guanosine triphosphate
Correct : B. glucose 6-phosphate
15. Under aerobic conditions, 1mol glucose forms:
A. 2mol ATP
B. 8mol ATP
C. 16mol ATP
D. 38mol ATP
E. 42mol ATP
Correct : D. 38mol ATP
16. The approximate ratio of fat : CHO energy stores is:
A. 2 : 1
B. 4 : 1
C. 10 : 1
D. 20 : 1
E. 40 : 1
Correct : E. 40 : 1
17. Nutritionally essential amino acids include:
A. glycine
B. serine
C. lysine
D. glutamine
E. tyrosine
Correct : C. lysine
18. Uric acid is formed by the breakdown of:
A. purines
B. pyrimidines
C. glutamine
D. urea
E. all of the above
Correct : A. purines
19. The LDL contains which aproprotein?
A. A
B. B-48
C. B-100
D. C
E. E
Correct : C. B-100
20. Regarding cellular metabolism of cholesterol:
A. it inhibits HMG-CoA red???
B. is processed in part to other cholesterol esters by the enzyme acetyl CoA ??? acyltransferase
C. it inhibits the formation of CO2 receptors
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Correct : D. all of the above
21. Which of the following substances decreases the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase?
A. adrenaline
B. thyroxine
C. serotonin
D. TSH
E. prostaglandin E
Correct : E. prostaglandin E
22. Chromium deficiency leads to:
A. insulin resistance
B. hypogondal dwarfism
C. anaemia
D. changes in ossification
E. thyroid disorder
Correct : A. insulin resistance
23. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency leads to:
A. anaemia
B. beri beir
C. convulsions
D. dermatitis
E. pellagra
Correct : B. beri beir
24. Which of the following phosphate compounds is MOST important in the production of energy?
A. AMP (adenosine monophosphate)
B. ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
C. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
D. GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
E. CTP (cytidine triphosphate)
Correct : C. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
25. Which of the following is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle?
A. CO2
B. H+ ions
C. NAD+
D. GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
E. NADH
Correct : C. NAD+
26. The renal threshold for glucose, the arterial blood level at which glycosuria appears, is approximately:
A. 1.8g/dL
B. 180mg/dL
C. 18mg/dL
D. 80mg/dL
E. 800mg/dL
Correct : B. 180mg/dL
27. Which of the following amino acids are glucogenic (ie give rise to compounds readily converted to glucose)?
A. alanine
B. leucine
C. isoleucine
D. phenylalanine
E. tyrosine
Correct : A. alanine
28. Which of the following lipoproteins is SMALLEST in size?
A. chylomicrons
B. very low density lipoproteins
C. intermediate density lipoproteins
D. low density lipoproteins
E. high density lipoproteins
Correct : E. high density lipoproteins
29. Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE?
A. it is the ratio of CO2 and O2 in the body at any one time
B. can go as high as 2.00 because lactic acid produces more oxygen
C. in acidosis, it goes down
D. in alkalosis it goes up
E. it is possible for it to be negative
Correct : E. it is possible for it to be negative
30. Regarding body surface area, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. is calculated using weight/height
B. is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725
C. it does not affect the basal metabolic rate
D. it does not affect the general metabolic rate
E. it has an effect on the specific dynamic action of foodstuffs
Correct : B. is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725
31. Regarding the basal metabolic rate, which of the following is TRUE?
A. it is measured in the absence of disease, at room temperature, within 12 hours of a meal with a Benedict apparatus and the subject asleep
B. it increases 24% per degree Celsius of body temperature above 37°
C. it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss
D. it declines in pregnancy
E. it correlates closer to weight than to body surface area
Correct : C. it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss
32. Biological energy can be derived from all EXCEPT:
A. lactic acid
B. phosphorylcreatine
C. guanosine triphosphate
D. co enzyme A
E. urea
Correct : E. urea
33. Regarding brown fat, which of the following is TRUE?
A. it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent
B. it has extensive parasympathetic innervation
C. it is more abundant in adults than in infants
D. heat production is assisted by uncoupling of the H+ /ATP generator system in mitochondria
E. brown fat cells contain multiple droplets of fat
Correct : A. it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent
34. Regarding thyroid hormones, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. thyroid hormones bind to receptors in cell nuclei
B. T3 is less potent than T4
C. thyroid hormones increase O2 consumption
D. T3 promotes nitrogen excretion
E. cerebral glucose consumption is increased by thyroid hormones
Correct : B. T3 is less potent than T4
35. Regarding thyroxine, which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. increases number of β adrenergic receptors on the heart
B. there is a preferential expression of α myosin in the muscle fibres of the heart in the presence of thyroxine
C. thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel
D. hyaluronic acid accumulates in the skin if there is a deficiency of thyroxine
E. large doses can increase body temperature
Correct : C. thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel
36. Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE?
A. it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time
B. is related to tidal volume
C. is inversely proportioned to pO2
D. has a value of 2.3 for fats
E. varies with age
Correct : A. it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time
37. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. in a low protein diet, nitrogen excretion by the kidney decreases
B. in a low protein diet, the maximal urine osmolarity is decreased
C. there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids
D. nitrogen balance becomes negative if a single amino acid is missing from the diet
E. insulin spares the breakdown of muscle protein
Correct : C. there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids
38. Which of the following is an ESSENTIAL fatty acid?
A. myristic acid
B. palmitic acid
C. stearic acid
D. linolenic acid
E. oleic acid
Correct : D. linolenic acid
39. Regarding protein metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. glucose has a protein sparing effect by increasing insulin secretion
B. death occurs when protein depletion reaches 50% of normal level
C. total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism
D. most protein catabolised comes from the liver, spleen and skeletal muscles
E. rapid protein depletion is the terminal phase once fat stores have been almost totally catabolised
Correct : C. total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism
40. Which of the following is NOT an unsaturated fatty acid?
A. oleic acid
B. arachidonic acid
C. linoleic acid
D. linolenic acid
E. stearic acid
Correct : E. stearic acid
41. Regarding brown fat, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation
B. responsible for part of the post-prandial heat production
C. fat cells contain several droplets of fat
D. prominent between and around the scapulae of infants
E. fat cells contain many mitochondria
Correct : A. fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation
42. Regarding carbohydrate metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. hepatic glycogenolysis precedes skeletal muscle glycogenolysis
B. blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores
C. glycogen stores are exhausted after half to one day
D. blood glucose level is maintained above a level that would produce symptomatic hypoglycaemia
E. skeletal muscle contains about four times as much glycogen as the liver
Correct : B. blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores
43. Regarding lipoproteins, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues
B. chylomicrons can cause post-prandial plasma to appear milky
C. LDL are taken up by macrophages
D. oestrogens increase plasma HDL levels
E. elevated IDL levels predispose to atherosclerosis
Correct : A. VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues
44. Which of the following does NOT increase the activity of intracellular hormonesensitive lipase?
A. GH
B. PGE
C. thyroxine
D. glucagon
E. cortisol
Correct : B. PGE
45. Which of the following causes a positive nitrogen balance?
A. increased cortisol secretion
B. starvation
C. decreased insulin secretion
D. forced immobilisation
E. increased testosterone secretion
Correct : E. increased testosterone secretion
46. Which statement regarding lipoprotein lipase is INCORRECT?
A. it is not hormone sensitive
B. it requires heparin as a co-factor
C. it is confined to adipose tissue
D. its activity is decreased by stress
E. it clears chylomicrons and VLDL from circulation by degradation of triglyceride
Correct : C. it is confined to adipose tissue
47. Regarding uric acid, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. the majority of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
B. xanthine oxidase catalyses its synthesis
C. may be elevated in leukaemia and pre-eclampsia
D. does not undergo renal tubular secretion
E. its excretion rate can be halved by changing to a purine-free diet
Correct : D. does not undergo renal tubular secretion
48. Regarding ketone bodies, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. formed following ingestion of a high fat/low carbohydrate diet
B. acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate formation leads to a metabolic acidosis
C. acetone is excreted in the urine
D. readily metabolised by the liver
E. acetone formation leads to ketotic breath
Correct : D. readily metabolised by the liver
49. Nucleotide breakdown releases purines and pyrimidines. Which of the following is NOT their subsequent fate?
A. re-used to form nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids
B. excreted unchanged in urine
C. directly enter the urea cycle
D. pyrimidines are catabolised to carbon dioxide and ammonia
E. purines are catabolised to uric acid
Correct : C. directly enter the urea cycle
50. How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of a 6-carbon fatty acid metabolised via the TCA cycle to carbon dioxide and water?
A. 36
B. 38
C. 40
D. 42
E. 44
Correct : E. 44
51. Which of the following is NOT a purine?
A. adenine
B. cytosine
C. guanine
D. hypoxanthine
E. xanthine
Correct : B. cytosine
52. Creatinine appears in the urine in significant amounts in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. normal men
B. thyrotoxicosis
C. post-partum
D. poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
E. children
Correct : A. normal men
53. Regarding free fatty acids, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. circulate in plasma bound to globulin
B. they are the major source of energy for cardiac muscle
C. combine with glycerol to form the triglyceride of neutral fat
D. contain an even number of carbon atoms
E. require linkage to carnitine in order to cross mitochondrial membranes prior to oxidation
Correct : A. circulate in plasma bound to globulin
54. Which amino acid is NOT ketogenic (ie CAN’T be converted into acetoacetate)?
A. leucine
B. isoleucine
C. phenylalanine
D. tyrosine
E. proline
Correct : E. proline
55. Regarding cholesterol, which statement is INCORRECT?
A. dietary cholesterol is absorbed in the intestine and incorporated into chylomicrons formed in the mucosa
B. about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular
C. negatively feeds back on its synthetic pathway
D. most hepatic synthesised cholesterol is incorporated into VLDL
E. thyroid hormones decrease the plasma cholesterol level
Correct : B. about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular
56. How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule metabolised aerobically via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and citric acid cycle?
A. 32
B. 34
C. 36
D. 38
E. 40
Correct : D. 38
57. Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of triglyceride?
A. VLDL
B. IDL
C. chylomicrons
D. LDL
E. HDL
Correct : C. chylomicrons
58. Basal metabolic rate is GREATER in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A. children compared with adults
B. Caucasians compared with Chinese and Indians
C. females compared with males
D. anxiety compared with depression
E. feeding compared with starvation
Correct : C. females compared with males
59. Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of cholesterol and cholesterol esters?
A. VLDL
B. IDL
C. chylomicrons
D. LDL
E. HDL
Correct : D. LDL
60. What is the basal metabolic rate of an average sized man per day?
A. 1000 Kcal
B. 2000 Kcal
C. 3000 Kcal
D. 4000 Kcal
E. 5000 Kcal
Correct : B. 2000 Kcal
61. Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of protein?
A. VLDL
B. IDL
C. chylomicrons
D. LDL
E. HDL
Correct : E. HDL
62. What is the most important factor affecting metabolic rate?
A. muscular exertion
B. recent ingestion of food
C. high or low environmental temperature
D. height, weight and surface area
E. sex
Correct : A. muscular exertion
63. Which of the following are NON ESSENTIAL amino acids?
A. valine
B. leucine
C. isoleucine
D. cysteine
E. methionine
Correct : D. cysteine
64. Regarding plasma protein, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:
A. albumin, globulin and fibrinogen constitute the major plasma proteins in the plasma
B. the fibrinogen polymerises into long fibrin threads during blood coagulation
C. the principal function of albumin is to provide colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma
D. the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue
E. rapid loss of plasma proteins may occur during severe burns
Correct : D. the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue
65. Factors that predisposes to atherosclerosis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. diabetes
B. hypothyroidism
C. smoking
D. male sex
E. female sex hormone
Correct : E. female sex hormone
66. Lipoproteins:
A. chylomicrons are themselves very large lipoproteins composed of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and proteins
B. VLDL contains a higher concentration of triglycerides and a moderate concentration of cholesterol and proteins
C. HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides
D. the majority of the lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver
E. the primary function of the lipoproteins are to transport lipids in the blood from liver to adipose tissue
Correct : C. HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides
67. Glycogenolysis:
A. is a process of formation of glycogen in the cell
B. is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose
C. is the conversion of glucose into fructose
D. is the process of breakdown of galactose
E. is the formation of galactose from fructose
Correct : B. is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose
68. Regarding ATP:
A. ATP is a combination of adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate radicals
B. ATP are present everywhere in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
C. ATP is otherwise called the energy currency of the body
D. ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical
E. ATP is a labile chemical compound that is present in all cells
Correct : D. ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical
69. In the body, metabolism of 10gm protein would produce approximately:
A. 1 Kcal
B. 41 Kcal
C. 410 Kcal
D. 4100 Kcal
E. 41 Cal
Correct : B. 41 Kcal
70. Regarding 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol):
A. it is formed by the action of sunlight on pre vitamin D3
B. it exerts its action via stimulation of adenylcyclase
C. it decreases calcium reabsorption from kidneys
D. its formation is increased with elevated plasma Ca++ levels
E. it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins
Correct : E. it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins
71. The following are active components in the peripheral circulation, EXCEPT:
A. T3
B. T4
C. DIT
D. RT3
E. all of the above
Correct : C. DIT
72. Calitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
A. inhibits Ca++ absorption from the gut
B. is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor
C. levels rise in response to increase serum PO4 levels
D. inhibits osteoclasts function
E. inhibits osteoblasts function
Correct : B. is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor
73. Stimuli that increase renin secretion include all EXCEPT:
A. hypotension
B. Na+ depletion
C. cardiac failure
D. lying down
E. diuretics
Correct : D. lying down
74. Regarding parathyroid hormone, which is NOT true?
A. it decreases plasma phosphate
B. it is secreted by chief cells of he parathyroid glands
C. it is cleared by Kupffer cells of the liver
D. its secretion is regulated by the level of bound Ca++ in plasma
E. it increases bone reabsorption
Correct : D. its secretion is regulated by the level of bound Ca++ in plasma
75. Which of the following reduce insulin secretion?
A. acetylcholine
B. GIP
C. glucagon
D. adrenaline
E. β ketoacids
Correct : D. adrenaline
76. With regard to the effect of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system, which of the following are TRUE?
A. level of noradrenaline are increased
B. β adrenergic receptor affinity is decreased in heart muscle
C. circulating adrenaline levels are decreased
D. thyroid hormone levels alter the ratio of cardiac myosin isoform types
E. none of the above
Correct : D. thyroid hormone levels alter the ratio of cardiac myosin isoform types
77. Stimuli that increase aldosterone secretion and do not effect glucocorticoid secretion includes all EXCEPT:
A. low Na+ intake
B. high K+ intake
C. standing
D. secondary hyperaldosteronism
E. haemorrhage
Correct : E. haemorrhage
78. Signs and effects of hyperparathyroidism include all EXCEPT:
A. renal stones
B. demineralization of bones
C. Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
D. hypercalcaemia
E. hypophosphataemia
Correct : C. Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
79. Glucagon levels are increased by:
A. secretin
B. somatostatin
C. cholecystokinin
D. free fatty acids
E. ketones
Correct : C. cholecystokinin
80. Insulin release:
A. is inhibited by raised cyclic AMP in pancreatic β cells
B. is not stimulated by blood glucose levels below 6mmol/l
C. is increased by β adrenergic stimulators
D. is inhibited by phosphor diesterase inhibitors
E. is increased by somatostatin
Correct : C. is increased by β adrenergic stimulators
81. Trace elements believed essential to life include all EXCEPT:
A. arsenic
B. cyanide
C. cobalt
D. silicon
E. nickel
Correct : B. cyanide
82. Mono-iodotyrosin (MIT) and diiodotyrosin (DIT) molecules:
A. are deiodinated before joining to form T3 and T4
B. are secreted into plasma alongside T3 and T4
C. are the inactive metabolites of T3 and T4
D. are cleaved from thyroglobulin by proteases in lysosomes
E. are usually excreted in the urine
Correct : D. are cleaved from thyroglobulin by proteases in lysosomes
83. Calcitonin secretion is stimulated by the following EXCEPT:
A. gastrin
B. somatostatin
C. oestrogen
D. cholecystokinin
E. glucagon
Correct : B. somatostatin
84. With regard to gastric acid secretion, all the following are true EXCEPT:
A. acetylcholine stimulates secretion
B. both G protein and direct calcium channels are involved
C. an H+ - K+ antiport transports H+ into the gastric lumen
D. parietal cells have high levels of carbonic anhydrase
E. acid secretion is maintained at constant levels by local feedback mechanisms
Correct : E. acid secretion is maintained at constant levels by local feedback mechanisms
85. Tissues in which insulin does NOT facilitate glucose uptake?
A. red blood cells
B. skeletal muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. smooth muscle
E. aorta
Correct : A. red blood cells
86. Regarding the “iodide pump” in thyroid cells, which is NOT true?
A. it is stimulated by TSH
B. it depends on Na+ / K+ ATPase activity
C. it pumps iodide into the colloid, after entering the cell down an electrical gradient
D. it pumps iodide against an electrical gradient
E. its activity can be measured with trace doses of radioactive iodine
Correct : C. it pumps iodide into the colloid, after entering the cell down an electrical gradient
87. Which of the following enzymes are missing in the zona glomerulosa?
A. 17 α hydroxylase
B. 11 β hydroxylase
C. 21 β hydroxylase
D. cholesterol desmolase
E. 3 β hydroxysteroid
Correct : A. 17 α hydroxylase
88. The effects of hyperthyroidism on the cardiovascular system include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. increased expression of α MHC isoforms in cardiac muscle
B. increased catecholamine plasma levels
C. increased number of β receptors
D. increased affinity of β receptors
E. vasodilation of peripheral vessels
Correct : B. increased catecholamine plasma levels
89. Regarding the control of thyroid secretion:
A. free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary
B. free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on hypothalamus
C. free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
D. free T3 and T4 do not affect day to day control of their secretion
E. the basal metabolic rate is the most important determinant of thyroid secretion
Correct : C. free T3 and T4 exert feedback control on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
90. The following are true of chylomicrons EXCEPT:
A. they are large lipoprotein complexes
B. they are part of the exogenous lipid transport system
C. they enter the circulation via the lymphatic ducts
D. they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase on the surface of hepatocytes
E. chylomicron remnants are bound to LDL R and endocytosed
Correct : D. they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase on the surface of hepatocytes
91. All of the following are true regarding chylomicrons EXCEPT:
A. they contain triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids
B. they are formed in the intestinal mucosa
C. they are cleared from the circulation by lipoprotein lipase
D. they are transported to the liver by the portal circulation
E. large numbers after a meal give the plasma a milky appearance
Correct : D. they are transported to the liver by the portal circulation
92. The tissue or organ with the greatest potential for increasing the metabolic rate of the body is:
A. liver
B. skin
C. adipose tissue
D. skeletal muscle
E. digestive system
Correct : D. skeletal muscle
93. Triglycerides are transported to cells via:
A. chylomicron remnants
B. HDL
C. LDL
D. VLDL
E. none of the above
Correct : D. VLDL
94. Regarding vitamin B12
A. it is a fat soluble vitamin
B. its absorption is inhibited by trypsin
C. it is mainly carried in plasma by attachment to albumin
D. it undergoes enterohepatic circulation
E. none of the above are true
Correct : D. it undergoes enterohepatic circulation
95. Regarding HDL:
A. HDL transports ingested cholesterol from the intestine
B. HDL transports triglycerides from peripheral tissues
C. HDL receptors on macrophages are called scavenger receptors
D. elevated HDL levels are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis
E. none of the above are correct
Correct : C. HDL receptors on macrophages are called scavenger receptors
96. Regarding free fatty acids in plasma, which of the following is NOT true?
A. they account for less than 10% of total fatty acids in plasma
B. they are complexed with a protein carrier
C. they can be metabolised to CO2 and water in skeletal and cardiac muscle
D. their level in plasma decreases as plasma adrenaline increases
E. they are converted to energy by the citric acid cycle
Correct : D. their level in plasma decreases as plasma adrenaline increases
97. Ubiquitin is:
A. an essential amino acid
B. a polypeptide that tags proteins for degradation
C. a cell membrane glycoprotein
D. a precursor or uric acid
E. none of the above
Correct : B. a polypeptide that tags proteins for degradation
98. In a fasting adult at rest:
A. skeletal muscle metabolises mainly glucose
B. the brain accounts for approximately 40% of glucose utilised
C. blood glucose concentrations are higher in women than in men
D. blood glucose levels are maintained initially by hepatic glycogenolysis
E. ketones are absent from plasma
Correct : D. blood glucose levels are maintained initially by hepatic glycogenolysis
99. Uric acid handling by the kidneys involves:
A. filtration only
B. secretion by tubules only
C. filtration and secretion
D. filtration and reabsorption
E. filtration, reabsorption and secretion
Correct : E. filtration, reabsorption and secretion
100. The following vitamin is fat soluble:
A. niacin
B. B6
C. K
D. pantothenic acid
E. biotin
Correct : C. K