Endocrinology | Set 1

1. Which is not a potential etiology of hypoglycemia in adults?

3. Which is not usually a feature of DKA?

A. seen type 1 diabetics mainly

B. serum osmalality 275-295mmol/l

C. fluid deficit usually less than that in HHNS

D. glucose usually lower than that in HHNS

E. acidosis

Correct : B. serum osmalality 275-295mmol/l

4. Which is not true regarding the management of DKA?

A. the administration of IV fluid immediately on arrival is the life saving event

B. fluid replacement should be 3-4 litres over the first four hours in a pt who is not shocked

C. even if the K+ is >5.5 poatssium replacemnt should be commenced

D. the insulin bolus should be about 0.1 units/kg, with subsequent infusion at 0.1units/kg/hr

E. cerebral oedema responds to mannitol

Correct : C. even if the K+ is >5.5 poatssium replacemnt should be commenced

5. Which is not a feature of Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic non ketotic states?

A. very high glucose, often greater than 40 mmol/l

B. ph>7.3

C. serum osmalality often greater than 350 mmol/L

D. low bicarbonate

E. lack of ketones in the urine

Correct : D. low bicarbonate

6. Which statement is false about the fluid deficit in HHNS?

A. it is usually 5L

B. if not shocked then 0.45% saline should be given

C. fluid replacement should always precede insulin therapy in the non shocked pt

D. fluid replacement should be done over a longer period of time than in DKA

E. normal saline should be given to the shocked patient

Correct : A. it is usually 5L

7. Which is not true about non ketotic hyperosmolar states?

A. these patients usually present with a GCS >8

B. total body potassium is not reduced as in DKA as there is no acidosis

C. focal neurological deficits are sometimes seen

D. they are prone to arterial and vascular thrombosis

E. insulin administration should be at the same rate as in DKA

Correct : B. total body potassium is not reduced as in DKA as there is no acidosis

8. Which is not true regarding drug therapy in diabetes?

A. the use of ACEI even in normotensive patients, delays the onset of diabetic nephropathy

B. the use of simvistatin in pts with CHD significantly reduces the risk of future CHD

C. sulphonylureas stimulate the pancreatic secretion of insulin

D. Acorbase(Glucobay) interferes with GIT absorption of carbohydrate

E. Metformin is an oral insulin analogue

Correct : E. Metformin is an oral insulin analogue

9. The nitroprusside dipstick test of the urine measures?

10. Which is not a feature of alcoholic ketoacidosis?

A. Dehydration

B. Positive dipstick for ketones

C. ABG = acidosis, alkalsos or normal

D. Increased anion gap, regardless of pH

E. hyperglycemia

Correct : E. hyperglycemia

11. Which is false regarding alcoholic ketoacidosis?

A. it is usually seen in chronic alcoholics

B. usually there has been a recent cessation in drinking with several days of vomiting and poor oral intake

C. Thiamine should be given

D. Mainstay of treatment is IV fluids, including dextrose

E. Low dose insulin given judiciously hastens recovery

Correct : E. Low dose insulin given judiciously hastens recovery

12. Which is the most common precipitant of alcoholic ketoacidosis?

13. Which may not cause an adrenal crisis?

A. Waterhouse Freidrichson syndrome

B. Sheehans syndrome

C. Acute discontinuation of steroids therapy

D. Anticoagulant use

E. Fulminant septicemia

Correct : B. Sheehans syndrome

14. What biochemical abnormality is possible in an addisonian crisis?

15. Which statement is incorrect with regards to treatment of an addisonian crisis?

A. i.v. normal saline should be given to treat shock

B. i.v.dextrose will also be required

C. i.v. fludrocortisone is required

D. i.v. dexamethase or hydrocortisone should be given

E. fluoxymesterone (androgen replacement) does not need to be given

Correct : C. i.v. fludrocortisone is required

16. Which is false about chronic steroid administration and illness?

A. no suppression of the pituatry-adrenal axis occurs if the dose is <10mg regardless of the duration of administration

B. no suppression of the axis occurs regardless of the dose as long axis is taken for less than 3 weeks

C. in a time of physical stress the glucocorticoid dose should be increased 2-3 times for a few days

D. in a time of physical stress the mineralocorticoid dose should be increased 2-3 times for a few days

E. there is no need for glucose supplementation when physical stress occurs

Correct : D. in a time of physical stress the mineralocorticoid dose should be increased 2-3 times for a few days

17. Which statement is false about pheochromocytomas?

A. clinically they may present with attacks of pallor, palpitations, sweating, headache and anxiety

B. clinicaaly they present with hypertension alone, or sometime abdominal pain and vomiting

C. investigations include urinary VMA and catecholamines

D. beta blockade is the temporary treatment of choice and possibly long term

E. the treatment of choice is surgical resection

Correct : D. beta blockade is the temporary treatment of choice and possibly long term

18. Which is the most common cause of hyperthroidism in Australia?

19. Which is not a feature of hyperthroidism?

20. Which agent should not be used in the treatment of a thyroid storm?

21. Which is false regarding the treatment of a myxoedema coma?

A. thyroxine should be given i.v. initially

B. thyroxine should be given in full dosage prior to blood results

C. steroids should be given

D. hyponatremia should be treated with fluid restriction

E. dextrose may be required

Correct : B. thyroxine should be given in full dosage prior to blood results

22. Which is not a feature of hypothyroidism?

23. Which drug is not a possible precipitant of myxoedema coma?

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