2. What has, according to an eminent social psychologist, been
‘treated like a rude bastard relative at a family gathering’?
Correct : B. impression management
3. Why is it generally felt that members of some societies might
develop a stronger preference for dispositional explanations?
Correct : A. many western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation
4. In Heider’s (1948) balance theory, which of the following would
represent an unbalanced triad?
Correct : B. agreeing with someone you dislike
5. Completing a task which requires self-control may make it:
Correct : B. harder to self-regulate on a following task
6. You decide to train for a marathon, and for a month you force yourself to get up at 6am every day to go running. At the end of
the month, you notice that you have also been more successful recently at resisting the temptation to eat junk food. How would the strength model explain this:
Correct : B. practicing self-control has increased your self-control resources
7. According to Ajzen and Fishbein (1977), measures of attitude and behavior need to correspond in four key ways. But which of
the following is NOT one of these?
Correct : B. content
8. Which of the following would suggest that a person has low
implicit self-esteem?
Correct : B. they associate negative words more quickly with the self than with others
9. Which of these statements about conformity is correct?
Correct : B. genuine social support has a stronger influence over conformity than does broken unanimity
10. According to Moscovici (1976, 1980), what process of
influence do minorities induce?
Correct : A. validation
11. Below are three strongly-held views over which source condition (minority or majority) elicits the highest cognitive scrutiny of a message. But which one have studies shown to be
correct?
Correct : C. "both a majority and minority can lead to superior message processing under different conditions."
12. In Gottman and Levenson’s study of married couples’ social
interactions, what was the strongest predictor of divorce?
Correct : B. contempt
13. At what age do children reach an understanding of pride?
Correct : C. 7-9
14. Self-categorisation theory suggests that social category
salience is a function of:
Correct : A. fit x perceiver readiness
15. A cognitive miser is a person who:
Correct : D. uses little effort in making judgments about other people
16. Being in a good mood does not reduce our_______, but reduces
our________.
Correct : D. capacity to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work
17. Prejudice is:
Correct : D. a pre-judgement based on a persons’ group membership
18. Which stereotype-participant combination is likely to result in
the weakest rebound effect?
Correct : B. gay stereotype; low prejudice participant
19. Which of the conditions below is MOST likely to produce
stereotype change following the bookkeeping model?
Correct : C. disconfirming information is dispersed across many typical group members
20. According to social identity theory, which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to improve relations between social
groups in an intergroup contact situation?
Correct : A. providing information about similarities between groups
21. Many findings suggest that intergroup contact improves attitudes among the people actually involved, but it does not generalise to the groups from which they were drawn. This is
likely to follow from the fact that:
Correct : B. most intergroup contact is actually interpersonal contact
22. Which of the following is an example of using a ‘derived etic’
approach to cross cultural research?
Correct : C. research that compares members of two cultures on a task that was developed jointly by researchers from both cultures
23. What is the ‘ecological fallacy’?
Correct : B. interpreting an ecological-level finding as if it were at the individual level
24. Social psychology is the scientific study of how people
___________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________ one another.
Correct : C. think about, influence, relate to
25. Social psychology began to emerge as the vibrant field it is
today during
Correct : C. world war ii when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale
26. In comparison to the sociologist, the social psychologist
Correct : B. is more likely to study individuals than groups
27. In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology
Correct : A. has a shorter history
28. In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology
Correct : A. focuses more on our common humanity
29. Most social-psychological research is conducted either in the field or in the ______________________ and is either correlational or
________________________.
Correct : B. laboratory; experimental
30. Survey researchers obtain a representative group
Correct : C. by taking a random sample
31. The great strength of _____________________ is that it tends to occur in real-world settings where it can examine questions
regarding important factors like race, sex, and social status.
Correct : A. correlational research
32. Which of the following distinguishes the correlational method
from experimentation?
Correct : C. no attempt is made to systematically manipulate one or more factors with the correlational method
33. Random assignment means that each person taking part in an experiment must
Correct : A. have an equal chance of being in a given condition in theexperiment
34. The experimental factor that the experimenter manipulates is
called the _______________ variable.
Correct : C. independent
35. In an experiment, the variable being measured is called the
__________________ variable.
Correct : D. dependent
36. The experimental method is used in about ___________________________ of all social-psychological research
studies.
Correct : C. three-fourths
37. Hypotheses are best characterized as
Correct : C. predictions
38. According to the text, ___________________________ tends to make people overconfident about the validity of their judgments
and predictions.
Correct : D. the hindsight bias
39. In an experimental study of the effects of failure on selfesteem, self-esteem would be the
Correct : C. dependent variable
40. The text suggests that adjectives such as "self-actualized," "mature," and "well-adjusted" demonstrate
Correct : D. how personality psychologists are more influential than social psychologists
41. According to the text, the fact that human thinking always
involves interpretation
Correct : A. provides a valid reason for dismissing science
42. The naturalistic fallacy provides an example of
Correct : B. how values penetrate the work of the scientist
43. In comparison to North American social psychologists, European social psychologists tend to give more attention to the
_______________ levels of explanation.
Correct : B. intergroup and societal
44. Who of the following is most likely to study how religious
attitudes develop within the typical individual?
Correct : B. a social worker
45. Who of the following would be most likely to study how the political attitudes of middle-class people differ from those of
lower-class people?
Correct : C. a social biologist
46. You would like to know the relationship between the number of psychology courses people take and their interpersonal sensitivity. You survey university students to determine how much psychology they have taken and then have them complete a test
of social sensitivity. Finally you plot the relationship. This is an example of
Correct : D. participant observation
47. The telephone company wants to survey its 100,000 customers. Four proposals for sampling the customers are being considered. Which would you recommend?
Correct : C. interview the people in every 50th residence from a postal listing of all addresses
48. A research psychologist manipulates the level of fear in human subjects in the laboratory and then examines what effect
the different levels of fear have on the subjects' reaction times. In this study, reaction time is the _______________ variable.
Correct : A. dependent
49. Which of the following research methods would be most
effective in demonstrating that the presence of others improves our performance of a task?
Correct : A. an experiment
50. Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political preferences and the age of Canadian citizens?
Correct : A. an experiment
51. A negative correlation between degree of wealth and the likelihood of being involved in criminal activity would indicate that
Correct : C. being involved in criminal activity usually prevents people from accumulating wealth
52. In a research study investigating the effects of stress on the desire to affiliate, half of the participants complete an easy test of mental ability and half complete a difficult test. What techniqueshould the investigators use to ensure that any posttest
differences in the group's desire to affiliate actually result from the differences in test difficulty?
Correct : B. random assignment
53. There is a strong relationship between dating frequency and
physical attractiveness
Correct : B. for females.
54. Which is TRUE regarding choosing a mate?
Correct : B. the highest correlation between people who marry involves their temperaments.
55. The study in which college students attached a bumper sticker for a militant black organization to their cars and then
received frequent traffic citations demonstrates
Correct : A. group prejudice.
56. When we perform well, we typically attribute our success to
__________.
Correct : D. our personality type
57. Which is true of social stereotypes?
Correct : A. they are always negative.
58. A __________ group is a group based on social comparison.
Correct : C. reference
59. The degree of attraction among group members relates to
the dimension of
Correct : C. cohesiveness.
60. According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, attitudes are changed because
Correct : C. clashing thoughts cause discomfort.
61. An example of a superordinate goal is
Correct : C. making friends.
62. You are walking into a store when a man rudely cuts in front of you, almost shoving you, so that he may enter the store first. "What a jerk!" you think to yourself. As you enter the store, you
see the same man performing an emergency tracheotomy on a women with a collapsed windpipe. You have just
Correct : D. made the fundamental attribution error.
63. According to evolutionary psychologists,
Correct : D. men are biologically driven to have multiple partners.
64. In North America, male friendships are __________ based and female friendships are __________ .
Correct : A. activity; based on sharing feelings.
65. Which statement about physical attractiveness is FALSE?
Correct : A. beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances.
66. Moderate self-disclosure typically leads to
Correct : D. reciprocity.
67. Aggression is best defined as
Correct : D. none of these
68. The __________ hypothesis states that frustration tends to lead
to aggression.
Correct : B. biological instinct
69. Arabs are typically depicted in the media as oil-rich but ignorant and savage. In a time of war with an Arab country, this
image would be used
Correct : A. to make it easier for soldiers to kill the enemy.
70. A compulsion by decision makers to maintain each other's
approval, even at the cost of critical thinking and good judgment, is called
Correct : A. the halo effect.
71. For most American adults, an invisible spatial envelope
defining their most intimate space
Correct : C. is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends.
72. Prejudice based on displaced aggression represents a form of
Correct : D. authoritarianism.
73. Social position in a group determines one's
Correct : C. role.
74. With regard to the effects of TV on children, we can conclude
that
Correct : C. tv only increases prosocial behavior in children.
75. If everyone leaves five minutes before the game is over to avoid a traffic jam, the resulting traffic jam would be an example
of
Correct : D. self-handicapping.
76. A student who is unprepared for a final exam complains that
he has a stomach ache and cannot take the exam. If the student's roommate ignores this complaint, he or she has probably attributed the student's symptoms to the
Correct : B. actor.
77. Physical proximity increases attraction because it
Correct : C. establishes common norms.
78. The real danger of "groupthink" is that it
Correct : A. is contagious.
79. The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and
power in a group defines the group's
Correct : D. norms.
80. Those roles which one attains voluntarily are called
Correct : B. achieved roles.
81. A learned disposition to respond to people, objects, or
institutions in a positive or negative way defines
Correct : B. socialization.
82. In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is
discouraged by
Correct : C. smaller social distance between the helper and the victim.
83. Frustration probably encourages aggression because it
Correct : A. triggers genetic mechanisms.
84. Negative attitudes that are tinged with fear, hatred, or
suspicion is a definition of
Correct : D. displaced aggression.
85. During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's
economic woes. This is an example of
Correct : D. scapegoating.
86. When you have "clashing thoughts," you are experiencing
Correct : D. open-ended role conflict.
87. Interpersonal attraction is encouraged by which one of the
following?
Correct : C. competition
88. Desensitization is
Correct : D. an increase in emotional sympathy.
89. People's attitudes about women and rape primarily come from
Correct : C. violent images in mainstream movies and magazines.
90. The judge who is caught cheating on his income tax is likely
experiencing
Correct : C. role conflict.
91. Alcohol
Correct : C. causes relaxation and raises the threshold for aggression.
92. Cognitive dissonance theory is based on the human need for
Correct : B. gain-loss.
93. Discrimination refers to behaviors that
Correct : D. are directed toward a particular group.
94. In an experiment in which a "student" simulated a seizure,
helping was inhibited by
Correct : C. group discussion.
95. Sharing your own private thoughts and feelings is called
Correct : B. autonomy.
96. When making the "attribution error," we tend to overestimate
the importance of __________ in judging the behavior of others.
Correct : C. intelligence
97. People who think their ethnic, national, or religious group is
superior to others are called
Correct : A. authoritarian.
98. Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social
positions are called
Correct : A. roles.
99. The demonstration by Jane Elliot with blue-eyed and browneyed children suggests that an effective way to generate
conditions of prejudice is to
Correct : C. produce inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges of group members.
100. Comparing yourself with a person who ranks lower than you
is referred to as