1. The production of new brain cells from naturally occurring stem cells are called
______________.
Correct : B. Neurogenesis
2. ________________ are unspecialized cells that, under appropriate conditions, can
be prompted to function as new neurons.
Correct : C. Stem cells
3. Researchers refer to changes in the performance of the brain as _____________.
Correct : A. Plasticity
4. The ___________________ is often called the master gland.
Correct : B. Pituitary gland
5. In females, a pituitary hormone stimulates production of _____________, which is essential to the hormonal chain reaction that triggers the release of ova from a
woman’s ovaries, making her fertile.
Correct : D. Estrogen
6. ______________ initiate, maintain and stop development of secondary sexual characteristics, influence levels of arousal and awareness, serve as the basis
for mood changes, and regulate metabolism.
Correct : D. Hormones
7. The ______________ tends to be more analytical; processes information bit by bit.
Correct : B. Left hemisphere
8. The _______________ tends to be more holistic; processes information with
respect to global patterns.
Correct : A. Right hemisphere
9. One groove called the _____________, divides each hemisphere vertically.
Correct : C. Central sulcus
10. One groove called the _____________, divides each hemisphere horizontally.
Correct : B. Lateral fissure
11. In humans, the _________________ dwarfs the rest of the brain, occupying two
thirds of its total mass.
Correct : C. Cerebrum
12. Damage to some areas of the ________________also impairs the ability to
recognize the emotional content of facial expressions.
Correct : B. Amygdala
13. When the body temperature drops, the _________________ causes blood-vessel
constriction or minute involuntary movements, commonly refer to as the “shivers”.
Correct : C. Hypothalamus
14. The ________________ is the largest of the limbic system structures, plays an
important role in the acquisition of memories.
Correct : A. Hippocampus
15. The _________is a dense network of nerve cells that serves as the brain’s sentinel.
Correct : C. Reticular formation
16. The ____ contains structures that collectively regulate the internal state of the
body.
Correct : B. Brain stem
17. ___________________ has pioneered the use of electrical stimulation to probe
structures deep in the brain.
Correct : A. Walter Hess
18. A ____________ is any substance that modifies or modulates the activities of the
postsynaptic neuron.
Correct : B. Neuromodulator
19. _______________often found in food that has been preserved incorrectly, poisons
an individual by preventing release of acetylcholine in the respiratory system.
Correct : A. Botulinum toxin
20. ________________ is an antidepressanr drug that enhances the action of serotonin
by preventing it from being removed from the synaptic cleft.
Correct : D. Prozac
21. Anxiety disorders are often treated with benzodiazepine drugs, such as
______________, that increase GABA activity.
Correct : A. Valium
22. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating disorder caused by deterioration of the ________________.
Correct : D. Myelin sheath
23. During the ______________, the neuron will fire only in response to a stimulus
stronger than what is ordinarily necessary.
Correct : B. Relative refractory period
24. To complete synaptic transmission, the neurotransmitters attach to receptor
molecules embedded in the __________________ .
Correct : B. Postsynaptic membrane
25. An action potential begins when the excitatory inputs are sufficiently strong with
respect to inhibitory inputs to depolarize the cell from ______________ millivolts.
Correct : C. -70 to -55
26. ________________ have been called the “keys to paradise” because of their
pleasure-pain controlling properties.
Correct : D. Endorphins
27. ______________ is a poison that paralyzes lung muscles by occupying critical
acetylcholine receptors, preventing the normal activity of the transmitter.
Correct : B. Curare
28. _________________ carries sensory information via afferent nerve fibers from
receptors throughout the body to the brain and conducts information via efferent nerve fibers from the brain to muscles and glands.
Correct : A. Spinal cord
29. ____ in the spinal cord that carry information from the brain to muscles and
glands throughout the body.
Correct : B. Efferentnerve fibers
30. The ____________ nervous system has two subdivisions, the autonomic nervous system
and somatic nervous system.
Correct : B. Peripheral
31. The ________________ nervous system communicates sensory information received by sense organ receptors to the central nervous system and carries messages from the central
nervous system along motor nerves to the muscles.
Correct : A. Somatic
32. The _______________ nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as
heartbeat, blood pressure, digestion and breathing.
Correct : B. Autonomic
33. The _________________ nervous system is the body's emergency system and produces
rapid physical arousal in response to perceived threats or in response to emotions such as anger or anxiety.
Correct : C. Sympathetic
34. The ______________ nervous system maintains normal body functions and conserves
the body's physical resources.
Correct : D. Parasympathetic
35. The ______________ system is made up of glands located throughout the body and uses
chemical messengers called hormones to transmit information from one part of the body to another.
Correct : B. Endocrine
36. Metabolism, growth rate, digestion, blood pressure and sexual development and
reproduction are all processes regulated by __________________.
Correct : A. Endocrine hormones
37. The signals that trigger the secretion of hormones are regulated primarily by a brain
structure called the _________________.
Correct : B. Hypothalamus
38. ___________________ structure serves as the main link between the nervous system and
the endocrine system.
Correct : B. Hypothalamus
39. The _________________ secretes hormones that affect the functioning of other glands as
well as hormones that act directly on physical processes.
Correct : C. Pituitary gland
40. The _______________ bundle of neuron axons that carries information in the peripheral
nervous system.
Correct : B. Nerve
41. ______________ is a communication system composed of glands located throughout the
body that secrete hormones into the blood stream.
Correct : D. Endocrine system
42. ______________ are the simple, automatic behaviors that are processed in the spinal
cord.
Correct : C. Spinal reflexes
43. __________________ is a peanut-sized forebrain structure that is part of the limbic
system and regulates behaviors related to survival, such as eating, drinking and sexual activity.
Correct : A. Hypothalamus
44. __________________ division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying
outside the central nervous system.
Correct : B. Peripheral nervous system
45. __________________ subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates
involuntary functions.
Correct : B. Autonomic nervous system
46. The central nervous system is a major division of the nervous system and consists of the
brain and _________________.
Correct : A. Spinal cord
47. The _________________ response refers to physiological changes, such as increased heart rate, accelerated breathing, dry mouth and perspiration, which occur in response to
perceived threats or danger.
Correct : C. Fight-or-flight
48. ________________ are the chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream
by endocrine glands.
Correct : A. Hormones
49. __________________ is a research method that involves observing and giving a highly
detailed description of a single individual or event.
Correct : D. Case study
50. _____________ are produced by surgically altering or destroying specific portions of the
brain.
Correct : B. Lesions
51. By electrically stimulating specific _______________ areas with electrodes, researchers
can study the behavioral effects.
Correct : D. Brain
52. The _______________ uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record the brain's electrical
activity.
Correct : A. EEG
53. The _________________ provides three-dimensional, highly detailed views of the brain
using electrical signals generated by the brain in response to magnetic fields.
Correct : C. MRI scanner
54. A new technique that takes a rapid series of brain images that are then put together by a
computer to produce clear, sharp "movies" of brain activity is called________________.
Correct : A. Functional MRI
55. The ___________________ provides color coded images of the brain's activity by
measuring the amount of glucose used in different brain regions.
Correct : D. PET scan
56. The ___________________ includes the hindbrain and the midbrain which are located at
the base of the brain.
Correct : B. Brainstem
57. The __________________ connects the spinal cord with the rest of the brain.
Correct : C. Hindbrain
58. The three structures that make up the ________________ are the medulla, pons and
cerebellum.
Correct : C. Hindbrain
59. The ____________________ controls vital life functions such as breathing, circulation
and muscle tone.
Correct : A. Medulla
60. The _________________ connects other regions of the brain to the cerebellum which
helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body.
Correct : B. Pons
61. The brain structure that is part of the brain stem and is an important relay station that helps coordiante auditory and visual information before sending it on to higher brain
centers is called the ___________________.
Correct : B. Midbrain
62. The __________________ is involved in motor control and contains a large
concentration of neurons that produce dopamine.
Correct : D. Substantia nigra
63. The outer portion of the forebrain is called the _____________________ which is
divided into two cerebral hemispheres.
Correct : A. Cerebral cortex
64. A thick bundle of axons called the __________________ connects the two hemispheres
and serves as their primary communication link.
Correct : C. Corpus callosum
65. The __________________ lobe is near the temples and contains the primary auditory
cortex and is where the auditory information is received.
Correct : B. Temporal
66. The __________________ lobe is at the back of the brain and contains the primary visual
cortex and is where visual information is received.
Correct : D. Occipital
67. The ___________________ lobe is involved in processing somatosensory information,
such as touch, temperature, body position and temperature.
Correct : C. Parietal
68. The ____________________ lobe processes voluntary movement and is involved in
anticipatory thinking, planning, and emotional expression and control.
Correct : A. Frontal
69. The __________________ are involved in processing and integrating sensory and motor information, language, abstract reasoning, creative thought, and the integration of
perceptions and memories.
Correct : C. Association areas
70. The prefrontal association cortex is involved in the ____________________________.
Correct : A. Planning of voluntary movements
71. The _____________________ consists of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala
and thalamus.
Correct : D. Limbic system
72. The _________________ is involved in emotions, motivation, memory and learning.
Correct : A. Limbic system
73. The structure that identifies and integrates sensory information for all the senses except
smell and relays it to higher brain centers is the ____________________.
Correct : D. Thalamus
74. The peanut-sized structure that is involved in diverse functions, including eating, drinking, frequency of sexual activity, fear, aggression, and exerting control over the
secretion of endocrine hormones, is called the ________________.
Correct : A. Hypothalamus
75. The curved structure that is involved in learning and forming new memories is the
____________________.
Correct : C. Hippocampus
76. The almond-shaped structure that is involved in controlling a variety of emotional response patterns, including fear, anger, and disgust, and in learning and memory
formation is the ________________.
Correct : C. Amygdala
77. _________________ is an area of the hypothalamus taht plays a key role in regulating
daily sleep/wake cycles and other rhythms of the body.
Correct : A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
78. __________________ is the nearly symmetrical left and right halves of the cerebral
cortex.
Correct : A. Cerebral hemispheres
79. _________________ is an area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located above
the temporal lobe that processes somatic sensations.
Correct : C. Parietal lobe
80. Substantia nigra is a midbrain area involved in motor control and containing a large concentration of __________________ producing neurons.
Correct : C. Dopamine
81. _________________ is a hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of
the cerebellum, helps coordinate and integrate movement on each side of the body.
Correct : B. Pons
82. Thalamus is a __________________ structure that processes sensory information from
all of the senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex.
Correct : A. Forebrain
83. _________________ is a curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and
is involved in learning and forming new memories.
Correct : C. Hippocampus
84. ________________ is the largest lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Correct : A. Frontal
85. The __________________ is a band of tissue on the parietal lobe that receives
information from touch receptors in different parts of the body.
Correct : C. Somatosensory cortex
86. The _________________ is a region at the base of the brain that controls several
structures that regulate basic life functions.
Correct : C. Hindbrain
87. The ________________ is the most complex brain region, containing centers for
complex behaviors and mental processes
Correct : A. Forebrain
88. The _________________ is the wrinkled portion of the forebrain that contains the most
sophisticated brain centers.
Correct : D. Cerebral cortex
89. An area in the lower left frontal lobe, known to play a crucial role in speech production is
called ________________ area.
Correct : B. Broca\s
90. The procedure of surgically cutting the corpus callosum is called the ________________.
Correct : C. Split-brain surgery
91. Patients who have difficulty comprehending language and whose speech often makes
little sense are most likely to have damage on the left ________________ lobe in Wernicke's area.
Correct : B. Temporal
92. Someone with either a partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language due to brain injury or brain damage is likely to be given the
general diagnosis of ________________
Correct : C. Aphasia
93. An area in the left temporal lobe, known to play an important role in language
comprehension is called ___________________ area.
Correct : A. Wernicke\s
94. The American psychologist who pioneered research on brain specialization in split-brain
patients was _________________.
Correct : D. Roger Sperry
95. The primary function of the nervous system is _________________ of information
from one part of the body to another.
Correct : A. Communication
96. The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural
signal that can be processed by the nervous system is called ____________.
Correct : B. Transduction
97. ____________________ refers to the point at which a stimulus is strong enough to be
detected by activating sensory receptors.
Correct : C. Sensory threshold
98. _________________ is the visual ability to see fine details.
Correct : D. Visual acuity
99. __________________ is the visual experience that occurs after the original source of
stimulation is no longer present.
Correct : B. After image
100. ___________________ is the long, thin, blunt sensory receptors that are highly sensitive to light but not color and are primarily responsible for peripheral vision and
night vision.