1. What name did Freud give to his model of the mind which comprised the Id, Ego and
Superego?
Correct : B. structural model
2. According to Freud, Displacement, Sublimation and Projection are all types of what?
Correct : B. defence mechanism
3. Freud ascribed to the notion of psychic deterministm, which had an important influence
on his theories of personality and approach to therapy. To what does this term refer?
Correct : D. the belief that all things happen for a reason
4. Which of the following is a technique Freud used in therapy?
Correct : D. all of these
5. According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women to
overcome pen*s envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop?
Correct : C. their superego could never fully develop
6. Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial stages of development proposed by
Erikson?
Correct : A. kidulthood
7. What aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personality
development?
Correct : C. birth order
8. Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to
Correct : C. "don\t do it."
9. The unconscious contains
Correct : C. repressed memories and emotions.
10. Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their
Correct : B. limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors.
11. The concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are
Correct : B. relatively permanent and enduring.
12. The five-factor model of personality includes
Correct : C. agreeableness.
13. A personality theory is a(n)
Correct : B. interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality.
14. Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biological
urges seeking fulfillment?
Correct : B. id
15. Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on
Correct : A. the over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development.
16. One problem psychologists have with personality types is they
Correct : B. oversimplify personality
17. Freud believed that personality was typified by
Correct : A. a delicate balance of power among the three personality structures.
18. To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to
Correct : C. classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior.
19. According to Freud, the energy from life instincts that drives personality is called the
Correct : B. libido.
20. According to Freud, the id is governed by the
Correct : A. pleasure principle.
21. Learning theorists
Correct : B. emphasize situational determinants of behavior.
22. In the Freudian view of personality, which system is totally unconscious and dominated
by biological instincts?
Correct : A. id
23. According to Freud, the ego is governed by the
Correct : B. reality principle.
24. The five-factor model of personality includes
Correct : B. conscientiousness.
25. According to Jung, art, religion, myths, and drama are important to individual functioning
because they
Correct : B. are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes.
26. One of Freud's major contributions was his
Correct : A. belief that the first years of life help to shape personality.
27. What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction?
Correct : D. situations affect how traits are exhibited.
28. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a
Correct : D. trait theorist.
29. The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of
Correct : A. the fallacy of positive instances
30. Psychologists who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and that
people are inherently good are
Correct : D. humanists.
31. According to the humanists, __________ occurs when people are free from dependence
on external authority or on other people.
Correct : A. autonomy
32. A psychiatrist who explains pathological behavior as a conflict between underlying
psychological forces is using the __________ model.
Correct : A. psychoanalytic
33. According to behaviorists,
Correct : B. personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning.
34. The part of the mind that is beyond awareness is called the
Correct : A. unconscious.
35. The __________ contains material of which you may be unaware but that can easily be
brought to awareness.
Correct : B. preconscious
36. According to Freud, the key to mental health is
Correct : D. balance among mental processes.
37. If you know the personality of an identical twin, you can expect the personality of the
other twin to be
Correct : B. similar.
38. The __________ begins with puberty and ends with a mature capacity for love and the
realization of full adult sexuality.
Correct : C. genital stage
39. Which is included as one of the traits Maslow theorized were possessed by selfactualizer?
Correct : D. capacity to laugh at oneself
40. We each have a perception of our own personality traits. This perception strongly
influences our behavior. Psychologists call this perception
Correct : C. self-concept.
41. A key element of Carl Rogers' personality theory is the concept of
Correct : B. the self or self-image.
42. According to Freud, the Oedipal and Electra conflicts end when a child takes on the
values and behaviors of the same sex parent in a process called
Correct : D. identification.
43. Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, the child is said to go through the __________ stage.
Correct : C. anal
44. The position that personality is composed of learned patterns is held by
Correct : C. behaviorists or behavioral personality theorists.
45. Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud?
Correct : A. psychoanalytic
46. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture
called
Correct : C. archetypes.
47. The description of a person's character implies
Correct : D. judgment about the desirability of traits.
48. The main criticism of humanistic theory is that
Correct : C. its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively.
49. If self-esteem is too high, the person may be
Correct : D. arrogant.
50. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to
Correct : B. personal growth.
51. Freud believed that at each psychosexual stage a different part of the body becomes
Correct : C. an erogenous zone.
52. Self-actualization refers to
Correct : C. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials.
53. The term personality refers to
Correct : B. unique and enduring behavior patterns.
54. __________ theories stress private, subjective experience and personal growth.
Correct : B. humanistic
55. During the first year of life, the child is said to go through the __________ stage.
Correct : A. oral
56. Critics of psychoanalytic personality theory note its failure to
Correct : A. be able to predict future behavior.
57. Learning sex-appropriate behavior is greatly influenced by