Correct : A. thoughts as an explanation of behaviour
2. The behaviourist approach refers to
Correct : C. punishment and reinforcement as an explanation of behaviour
3. Joelene is upset and has often felt stressed. She decides to visit a Psychologist, who refers her to a
Psychiatrist. Which of the reasons below is not true of Psychiatrists?
Correct : C. a psychiatrist must complete a four year degree in psychology
4. Which of the following is not a behaviourist?
Correct : A. rogers
5. An explanation of behaviour that is not based on scientific methods is called a/an
Correct : B. pseudoscience
6. Freud was the founder of which approach to Psychology?
Correct : A. psychoanalytic
7. Mark is visiting a counsellor to deal with anxiety issues. A Cognitive Psychologist would approach
therapy of Mark in which way?
Correct : A. interview him about his thought processes and self-talk
8. Anthony is having trouble with his colleagues. Lucky, his workplace has some psychologist on hand for
any issues. Anthony decides to go and visit them. The most likely type of Psychologist the workplace has, is a/an:
Correct : C. organisational psychologist
9. Your school has a goal of students being more prepared for class. For the first time all year, all of your
students come to class prepared. How would you use positive reinforcement to try to increase the chance of this behavior happening again?
Correct : A. give the entire class a free ice cream pass to use in the cafeteria.
10. You are potty training your 3 year old daughter. She lets you know every time she needs to use the bathroom, however she is having accidents instead of actually using the toilet. Her pediatrician suggests that you should have her clean her underwear every time she has an accident. You start enforcing this
rule, and she has fewer accidents. This is an example of…
Correct : C. positive punishment
11. You are trying to train your dog not to jump on guests when they walk into your home. You buy a zap collar at the store, which has a remote that will shock the dog when you push a button. Every time
your dog jumps on a person, you push the button, and the dog gets an electric shock. Which scientist’s experiments are you most closely replicating?
Correct : C. skinner
12. Shyam is very orderly in the way he lives, and also very miserly with his money. According to Freud,
these traits are associated with fixation at the _____________ stage of development.
Correct : B. anal
13. Each of the following is part of the definition of psychotherapy except
Correct : C. medical treatment methods
14. Which type of psychotherapy views the process of helping others as a form of teaching?
Correct : B. behaviour therapy
15. According to the Association to the Association for Advancement of Behaviour Therapy, each of the
following is an ethical consideration in the use of psychotherapy except
Correct : B. the fees (splitting the fees when necessary)
16. Which of the following is a situation where it is appropriate for a therapist to breach confidentiality?
Correct : B. court order
17. Ann’s psychoanalytic therapist asks her to lie on a coach and talk about whatever comes to mind.
The technique being used by her therapist is
Correct : C. free association
18. According to Freud, when the patient reacts to the therapist in ways that resemble how he or she
would react to other authority figures, the process is called
Correct : D. transference
19. In psychoanalysis, the release of emotional energy related to unconscious conflicts is called
Correct : B. catharsis
20. A contemporary Neo-Freudian form of psychotherapy that ignores unconscious motivation is called
Correct : C. interpersonal psychotherapy
21. According to Rogers, the ability of the therapist to share the client’s emotions is an important process
called
Correct : B. empathy
22. The role of the client-centered therapist is to
Correct : B. create a safe atmosphere for clients to express feelings
23. Which of the following techniques is a client-centered therapist most likely to use?
Correct : C. reflection
24. Systematic desensitization and graded exposure are two techniques used to treat
Correct : B. phobias
25. Behaviour therapy teaches skills based on methods derived from
Correct : D. a and b above
26. After Mike got to college, the first two people he called to ask for a trip forcefully told him ‘No!’ Mike
has concluded he will never have a trip. Beck would say Mike is engaging in
Correct : C. overgeneralization
27. With which disorders has cognitive therapy been shown to be effective?
Correct : D. all of the above
28. Persuading clients to abandon their erroneous ways of thinking is a goal of
Correct : B. cognitive therapy
29. A therapist who pays particular attention to transference during therapy is likely to have which
approach?
Correct : A. psychodynamic approach
30. A therapist who tries to decrease incongruence in the client is likely to have which approach?
Correct : C. humanistic approach
31. A therapist who uses classical conditioning principles to treat a spider phobia is likely to have which
approach?
Correct : D. behavioural approach
32. a therapist whose main task is to encourage clients to test their assumptions against reality is likely
to have which approach?
Correct : B. cognitive approach
33. According to Freud, which part of the mind is composed mainly of life and death instincts
Correct : B. ego
34. According to Freud, primitive instinctual motives and repressed memories are stored in the
Correct : C. unconscious mind
35. According to Freud, information that you are not currently aware of that can be easily recalled into
awareness resides in which part of the mind?
Correct : A. preconscious
36. The executive of the personality, which operates according to the reality principle, is the
Correct : B. ego
37. According to Freud, which part of the mind is dominated by the pleasure principle?
Correct : A. the id
38. According to Freud, which part of the mind corresponds roughly to Conscience?
Correct : C. the super ego
39. All of the following are examples of sublimation except
Correct : B. robbing a bank
40. To prevent itself from being overwhelmed by excessive demands from the Id and Superego, the Ego
relies on
Correct : B. defense mechanisms
41. The humanistic view states that
Correct : A. humans possess an inner-directedness
42. Rogers believes that differences between the self and the ideal self
Correct : D. all of the above
43. Which approach to psychology is referred to as the “third force”?
Correct : C. humanistic theory
44. Humanistic psychologists believe that people are born _________, whereas social learning theorists
believe that people are born ___________.
Correct : D. good, neutral
45. Rogers is most properly associated with
Correct : B. client centered therapy
46. Rogers described the formative tendency as the tendency for
Correct : B. matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
47. Rogers believed that all behaviour relates to one’s
Correct : D. actualizing tendency
48. Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to which criterion?
Correct : C. the actualizing tendency
49. In Rogerian theory, the actualizing tendency
Correct : C. refers to the person’s organismic experiences
50. Inner tension arises, Rogers said, when a conflict exists between the
Correct : A. self-actualizing tendency and the organismic self
51. A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in
Correct : C. incongruence
52. Subception was defined by Rogers as
Correct : B. the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception
53. George has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are most
likely to
Correct : D. be distorted by george
54. Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals,
Correct : A. the self and experience are congruent
55. Which statement is consistent with Roger’s theory?
Correct : B. once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes
56. An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to
Correct : C. vulnerability
57. According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are
Correct : C. denial and distortion
58. Which statement is most consistent with Roger’s concept of humanity?
Correct : A. people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization
59. Shaping complex behaviour through Operant conditioning usually includes which procedure?
Correct : D. successive approximation
60. Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given
behaviour will occur is a
Correct : A. negative reinforcer
61. Jane rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behaviour is most likely an example of
Correct : D. negative reinforcement
62. A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely
approximates which schedule of reinforcement?
Correct : A. fixed-ratio
63. Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of
reinforcement?
Correct : A. continuous
64. Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?
Correct : C. praise
65. A slot machine pays off on which schedule?
Correct : D. none of the above
66. The twin cornerstone of psychoanalytic motivation are
Correct : D. sex and aggression
67. What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the Id?
Correct : A. rider and horse
68. The id serves the ________ principle
Correct : A. pleasure
69. Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with external world?
Correct : A. id and super ego
70. Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression?
Correct : C. masochism
71. A s*dist receives sexual pleasure from
Correct : A. inflicting pain on others
72. Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals
Correct : B. erogenous zones
73. the guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called _________
anxiety.
Correct : D. moral
74. According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the
Correct : B. ego
75. Defense mechanisms protect the Ego against
Correct : C. anxiety
76. In Freudian theory, Anxiety
Correct : B. triggers repression
77. With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire finds an opposite and exaggerated expression
Correct : B. reaction formation
78. A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a
more infantile pattern of behaviour expresses a
Correct : C. regression
79. Mohan has great admiration for his teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher’s lifestyle and
mannerisms. This is an example of
Correct : D. introjection
80. A type of repression in which the ego attempts to do away with unpleasant experiences and their
consequences is called
Correct : A. undoing
81. This defence mechanism, unlike others, usually results in some benefit to society.
Correct : C. sublimation
82. To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is
Correct : A. infancy
83. The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT
Correct : B. aggressiveness
84. For boys, the Castration complex
Correct : D. both a and c
85. Freud believed that, for girls
Correct : D. none of the above
86. With few exceptions, the unconscious meaning of dreams expressed
Correct : B. wish-fulfillments
87. Psychoanalytic therapy is most likely to include this technique
Correct : B. free association
88. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the first level of needs that must be met are:
Correct : A. physical needs
89. Psychologist wrote about the hierarchy of needs
Correct : D. abraham maslow
90. The humanistic approach understands us in terms of:
Correct : B. the self
91. Physiological, safety, love and belongingness and esteem are all examples of our ______.
Correct : B. deficiency needs
92. Physiological needs are our
Correct : C. bodily needs
93. When we find ourself excluded from groups we want to join, we
Correct : C. value ourselves less
94. Who in childhood influence our self esteem the most
Correct : A. parents
95. All individuals should give other individuals their:
Correct : A. unconditional positive regard
96. Genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard are used to create:
Correct : A. conditions of growth
97. The purpose of humanistic psychotherapy is to allow the individual to move from: