1. The ___________ perspective focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual.
Correct : C. socio-cultural
2. The ____________ perspective deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner
forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy.
Correct : D. psychodynamic
3. An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specialized set of
phenomena and their interrelations is referred as ____________
Correct : B. hypothesis
4. A statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena is ________________
Correct : A. theory
5. A ________________ study is a detailed description of a particular individual, based on careful
observation or on formal psychological testing.
Correct : D. case
6. A descriptive study that looks for a consistent relationship between two phenomena is referred as ______________
Correct : C. correlational study
7. The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer is _____________
Correct : A. absolute threshold
8. The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli
are compared, is ____________________
Correct : D. difference threshold
9. The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns
they produce, is ____________________
Correct : D. perceptual constancy
10. The dimension of auditory experience related to the intensity of a pressure wave, is _________
Correct : C. pitch
11. A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism’s
responses ____________________
Correct : B. conditioning
12. The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction ___________________
Correct : C. spontaneous recovery
13. An operant-conditioning process in which successive approximations of a desired response are
reinforced _____________________
Correct : A. shaping
14. The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one’s own belief is ______
Correct : A. confirmation bias
15. Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that
you remember something when it never actually happened is _________________
Correct : D. eyewitness
16. The change from the resting nerve membrane potential of approximately -70mV to a new +40mV is ___________________________
Correct : A. action potential
17. Action potential constitutes the ‘firing’ of the neuron and is also referred to as the ________________
Correct : A. nerve impulse
18. ________________ referring to a pair of muscles with the same effects at a joint.
Correct : B. agonistic
19. The process by which an image is kept in focus on the surface of the retina while the object being
viewed varies in distance from the eye is referred as the ____________________
Correct : A. retinal disparity
20. The portion of the axon that is located immediately outside the boundaries of the soma is __________
Correct : B. axon hillock
21. __________________ is a portion of the axon after it has subdivided just prior to the synaptic knobs.
Correct : D. axon collateral
22. _____________________ is a portion of the dendrite involved in axodendritic synaptic communication.
Correct : A. dendritic spine
23. The space in the synapse that lies between the presynaptic axon and postsynaptic soma or dendrite, is _______________________
Correct : D. synapse space
24. The structures in the synaptic knobs that store neurotransmitters prior to the release of
neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, is _________________________
Correct : B. synaptic vesicle
25. __________________ is a fat and protein substance surrounding some axons in the nervous system,
arranged as a series of segments along the length of the axon.
Correct : C. myelin sheath
26. A scientific discipline dedicated to the understanding of the nervous system is referred as the _______
Correct : D. neuroscience
27. ___________ is impairment in the ability to recognize faces, due to damage in the right hemisphere.
Correct : A. facial agnosia
28. The fissure in the neocortex separating the frontal and parietal lobes is known as ____________
Correct : B. fissure of rolando
29. The fissure in the neocortex separating the temporal and parietal lobes is called_____________
Correct : A. fissure of sylvius
30. The point on the ventral surface of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye merge together
then separate as they continue in the visual pathway, is called________________
Correct : A. optic chiasma
31. ________________ is the layer of tissue in the utricle that contains the hair cell receptors.
Correct : D. macula
32. __________________ is an opening near the terminal end of the cochlea, where the scala tympani
communicate with the scala vestibule.
Correct : B. helicotrema
33. A collection of structures in the telecephalon, concerned with the control of emotional reactivity, is
referred as____________________
Correct : C. limbic system
34. ________________ is the founder of psychoanalysis.
Correct : C. freud
35. _________________ founded the first psychological laboratory.
Correct : B. wilhelm wundt
36. Cessation of breath during sleep is called as _____________
Correct : A. apnea
37. The process through which information stored in memory is referred as __________________
Correct : C. storage
38. ___________________ is the awareness of the distance between an observer and an object.
Correct : A. depth perception
39. _____________________ psychologists views that the organization and relationship of elements
determine the mental experience a person has.
Correct : B. structuralism
40. ____________________ is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a
result of practice or experience.
Correct : A. learning
41. Retinal disparity is ____________________cue of depth perception.
Correct : C. binocular
42. Which of the following is a cognitive learning?
Correct : C. insight learning
43. The concept of “Tabula Rasa” was proposed by _________________
Correct : C. john locke
44. _______________________ is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be reliably
detected or discriminated.
Correct : A. differential threshold
45. The process of organizing environmental stimuli into some meaningful patterns or wholes is known as ________________________
Correct : C. perception
46. Escape learning is an example of _______________
Correct : B. negative reinforcement
47. The theory that perceptual world is in large measure constructed from experience is called _________
Correct : B. transactionalism
48. The process by which certain infant animals learn to follow or approach the first moving object is __________
Correct : C. imprinting
49. Rapid low amplitude brain wave that are linked to feelings of relaxation is __________________
Correct : A. alpha waves
50. The most effective procedure is CS-US pairing is to present _________________
Correct : A. cs before us
51. Who said “An objective psychologist would be restricted to observing overt responses”: ____________
Correct : B. kohler
52. The principle of stereoscopic vision is based on _________________
Correct : D. retinal disparity
53. The school of thought founded by Watson became known as ___________________
Correct : B. behaviorism
54. Interpreting sensory information as meaningful pattern can be defined as_________________
Correct : D. perception
55. When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is
called ______________
Correct : C. discrimination
56. The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no
other stimulus is____________________
Correct : C. stimulus discrimination
57. French philosopher ____________________ proposed that the mind and body are separate entities.
Correct : A. rene’ descartes
58. _______________ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms,
including humans.
Correct : A. physiology
59. The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in
__________ year.
Correct : A. 1879
60. Wundt’s student _________________ established structuralism, the first major school in psychology.
Correct : C. titchener
61. ______________ could not be used to study children or animals.
Correct : C. introspection
62. ________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology.
Correct : C. william james
63. The common goal of functionalism and structuralism is an emphasis on the study of _______________.
Correct : A. conscious experiences
64. __________________ was an American Psychologist who established the first psychology research
laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association.
Correct : A. g. stanley hall
65. ___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be
objectively measured and verified.
Correct : D. behaviorism’s
66. ________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.
Correct : A. behaviorism
67. The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior
was ________________.
Correct : A. sigmund freud
68. The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person’s unique
potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology.
Correct : C. humanistic
69. The person credited with founding humanistic psychology is __________________.
Correct : D. carl rogers
70. Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal
growth was _______________.
Correct : C. abraham maslow
71. The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________.
Correct : A. max wertheimer
72. Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are
called _______________ psychologists.
Correct : B. cross-cultural
73. One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________,
which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes.
Correct : B. computers
74. ___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials
used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn.
Correct : B. educational psychology
75. _______________ is a point of view or general framework that reflects the emphasis a psychologist
may take in investigating psychological topics.
Correct : C. perspective
76. ______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional
development of children, including those with special needs.
Correct : A. school psychology
77. Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form of
a _____________ that can be tested empirically.
Correct : D. hypothesis
78. Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used
______________ methods.
Correct : A. descriptive
79. A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a
______________ or a model.
Correct : C. theory
80. Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called
____________.
Correct : B. variables
81. _________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of
many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends.
Correct : C. meta-analysis
82. Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ in
experimental control.
Correct : B. decrease
83. _________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are
aware of the critical information about the experiment.
Correct : A. single-blind
84. The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a change
in other variable.
Correct : B. independent
85. _____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling data
from a wide variety of different sources.
Correct : C. case-study
86. ___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other
cultures.
Correct : B. ethnocentrism
87. ________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following an
operant.
Correct : A. positive reinforcement
88. ________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts to
decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
Correct : C. punishment
89. ____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective
or adaptive behaviors.
Correct : B. behavior modification
90. _________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively
closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed.
Correct : B. shaping
91. _________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the
environment to produce consequences.
Correct : C. operant
92. A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a
given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities.
Correct : C. primary
93. ___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior when
it is no longer followed by a reinforcer.
Correct : A. extinction
94. ________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response
being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.
Correct : C. operant conditioning
95. Learning that is not reflected in actual performance is called _______________ learning.
Correct : C. latent
96. ___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational
learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors.
Correct : D. albert bandura
97. __________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvement
of cognitive processes in classical conditioning.
Correct : A. robert .a. rescorla b.
98. _____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interfere
with the performance of an operantly conditioned response.