Quiznetik

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics | Set 2

1. For oral formulation, what should be the minimum aqueous solubility to avoid bioavailability problems?

A. 0.9%

B. 1%

C. 2%

D. 0.11%

Correct : B. 1%

2. The total solid surface area of any particle is known as ___________

A. Absolute surface area

B. Effective surface area

C. Total surface area

D. Surface area

Correct : A. Absolute surface area

3. Particle size and surface area of a drug are directly related to each other.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

4. Absolute surface area is proportional to the dissolution rate of a drug.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

5. In the case of hydrophobic drugs, micronization results in a decrease in effective surface area and thus fall is dissolution rate. Which of the below sentences cannot be a reason for the given statement?

A. The hydrophobic surface of the drugs adsorbs onto their surface which inhibits their wettability

B. The particles reaggregate to form larger particles due to their high surface free energy

C. Extreme reduction in the particle size imparts surface charges that may prevent wetting

D. Extreme reduction in the size brings the hydrophobic amino acids to the surface

Correct : D. Extreme reduction in the size brings the hydrophobic amino acids to the surface

6. How the absolute surface area of hydrophobic drugs can be converted to their effective surface area?

A. Use of surfactant

B. Use of Hydrophobic diluents

C. Use of surfactant and hydrophilic diluents

D. No need of doing micronization

Correct : C. Use of surfactant and hydrophilic diluents

7. Which one of these is not an example of hydrophilic diluents?

A. PVC

B. Dextrose

C. PVP

D. PEG

Correct : A. PVC

8. The solvate can exist in different crystalline forms called as _________

A. Solvates

B. Pseudopolymorphs

C. Pseudopolymorphism

D. Hydrate

Correct : B. Pseudopolymorphs

9. Which form of a drug has greater solubility?

A. Anhydrous

B. Hydrate

C. Crystallised

D. Monohydrate

Correct : A. Anhydrous

10. Which one will be the easiest approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution of any drug?

A. Micronize the drug

B. Convert drug into their anhydrous form

C. Convert drug into their hydrous form

D. Convert drug into their salt form

Correct : D. Convert drug into their salt form

11. What is pH?

A. –ve log of H+ concentration

B. +ve log of H+ concentration

C. Log of H+ concentration

D. H+ concentration

Correct : A. –ve log of H+ concentration

12. Which one of these is not an advantage of buffered aspirin tablets?

A. Enhanced bioavailability

B. Reduced gastric irritation

C. Increased stability

D. Increased ulcerogenic tendency

Correct : D. Increased ulcerogenic tendency

13. Larger the size of the counterion, greater the solubility.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

14. Which of the following will be the slowest step in tablet drug absorption?

A. Tablet disintegration to granules

B. Granules disintegration to fine particles

C. Fine particles dissolution

D. Dissolution absorbed into the blood

Correct : A. Tablet disintegration to granules

15. Aging of dosage form affects drug release.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

16. Which form of the drug has the highest bioavailability?

A. Coated tablets

B. Solutions

C. Tablets

D. Emulsions

Correct : B. Solutions

17. Why emulsion dosage form for lipophilic drug proved better?

A. Easy manufacturing

B. The higher stability of the drug in emulsion form

C. Presented a large surface area of oil to the GIT for the absorption of the drug

D. Fast clearance from the plasma

Correct : C. Presented a large surface area of oil to the GIT for the absorption of the drug

18. Which is the major rate-limiting step in the absorption of a drug from suspension dosage?

A. Tablet disintegration to granules

B. Granules disintegration to fine particles

C. Fine particles dissolution

D. Dissolution absorbed into the blood

Correct : C. Fine particles dissolution

19. Which coating is thin and dissolves rapidly?

A. Sugar coating

B. Film coating

C. Enteric coating

D. Sealing coating

Correct : B. Film coating

20. Which option describes the function of the enteric coated drug?

A. Tough dissolves slowly

B. Thin dissolves completely

C. Dissolves only in alkaline pH of the intestine

D. Shellac coating

Correct : B. Thin dissolves completely

21. Hydrophobic drug with fine particle size in capsule results in a decreasing porosity of powder bed.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

22. Viscous fluids and oils are administered in hard gelatin capsules.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

23. From the below options which will be the most widely used form of dosage?

A. Emulsion

B. Solutions

C. Tablets

D. Powders

Correct : A. Emulsion

24. In cell membrane the hydrocarbon chains for hydrophilic phase and the polar heads form hydrophobic phase.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

25. Proteins interact with which part of the cell membrane?

A. Hydrophobic tail

B. Polar head

C. Non polar head

D. Hydrophilic tail

Correct : A. Hydrophobic tail

26. Which part of the membrane is responsible for the relative impermeability of polar molecules in and out of the cell?

A. Polar head

B. Hydrophobic head

C. Hydrophobic core

D. Non polar head

Correct : C. Hydrophobic core

27. What helps in the passing of inorganic ions?

A. Ion channels

B. Voltage gated channels

C. Aqueous filled pores

D. Diffusion

Correct : C. Aqueous filled pores

28. The cell membrane is ___________

A. Impermeable

B. Semipermeable

C. Permeable

D. Permeable to only gases

Correct : C. Permeable

29. What is the most important characteristic of a drug to be absorbed after oral administration?

A. Dissolved in HCL

B. Dissolved in alkaline solution

C. Can pass through the cell membrane

D. Form aggregate and settle down

Correct : C. Can pass through the cell membrane

30. Cell membrane can pass easily Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.

A. False

B. True

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. True

31. Which one of these is an example of Enteral Route?

A. Skin

B. IV

C. Gastrointestinal

D. Inhalation

Correct : C. Gastrointestinal

32. Gastrointestinal route is an example of which of the major drug delivery routes?

A. The enteral route

B. The parenteral route

C. The topical route

D. The intravenous route

Correct : A. The enteral route

33. Which form of drug formulation has disintegration time?

A. Injections

B. Syrups

C. Capsules and Tablets

D. Only tablets

Correct : C. Capsules and Tablets

34. Which tablets have longer Disintegration time?

A. Single coated tablets

B. Uncoated tablets

C. Sugar-coated tablets

D. Capsules

Correct : C. Sugar-coated tablets

35. Disintegration time is directly proportional to the amount of binder present in the tablet.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

36. Which of the following is not a form of excipients?

A. Paracetamol

B. Disintegrants

C. Lubricants

D. Binders

Correct : A. Paracetamol

37. Which of the following is not a limitation granulation?

A. Formation of crystal bridge by the presence of liquid

B. The liquid may act as a medium for affecting chemical reactions such as hydrolysis

C. Increase the cost due to more additional processing

D. The drying step may harm the thermolabile drugs

Correct : C. Increase the cost due to more additional processing

38. The agglomerative phase of the communication method grinds the drug in a ball mill for a long time to affect spontaneous agglomeration. But results showed tablets produced are softer.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

39. Which of these is not a characteristic of tablet formulation by Agglomerative phase of the communication process?

A. Tablets are stronger

B. Usage of more binding agent

C. Rapid dissolution

D. Increase in internal surface area of the granules

Correct : B. Usage of more binding agent

40. What does the graph of Rate of Drug dissolution v/s Compression force with this type of curve interpret?

A. Tight binding of the molecules in drug

B. Deformation of the drug particles into smaller particles

C. The influence of compression force on the dissolution rate is difficult

D. Both tight bonding and deformation of the drug molecules

Correct : A. Tight binding of the molecules in drug

41. What does the graph of Rate of Drug dissolution v/s Compression force with this type of curve interpret?

A. Tight binding of the molecules in drug

B. Deformation of the drug particles into smaller particles

C. The influence of compression force on the dissolution rate is difficult

D. Both tight bonding and deformation of the drug molecules

Correct : D. Both tight bonding and deformation of the drug molecules

42. Capsules with bigger particles and intense packing have poor drug release and dissolution rate due to an increase in the pore size.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

43. Which one of them is not a common form of excipients of drug manufacturing?

A. Diluents

B. Binders

C. Sweeteners

D. Essential oils

Correct : D. Essential oils

44. Vehicles are the solvent system for the liquefied drug. Which one of them is not an example of a kind of vehicle?

A. Aqueous vehicle

B. Non-aqueous water-miscible vehicles

C. Non-aqueous water immiscible vehicles

D. A salt solution of the drug

Correct : D. A salt solution of the drug

45. Which one of the following will be an example of organic diluents?

A. Starch

B. Dicalcium phosphate

C. Tetracycline

D. Tween 80

Correct : A. Starch

46. What is the function of a granulating agent in drug formulation?

A. Promote cohesive compacts

B. Added if the required dosage is inadequate so that necessary bulk can be produced

C. Tablets can disintegrate easily

D. Used as solubilizer

Correct : A. Promote cohesive compacts

47. What is the full form of PVP and what is its function in drug formation?

A. Polyvinyl propylene, diluent

B. Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, solubilizing agent

C. Polyvinyl propylene, buffering agent

D. Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, Binding agent

Correct : B. Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, solubilizing agent

48. Which one of the following sentences depicts the function of Disintegrants correctly?

A. These agents help in holding the powders together to form granules

B. These agents overcome the cohesive strength of the tablets and help in dissolution

C. These agents help in the flow of granules and reduce friction between particles

D. Added when the required dosage is inadequate

Correct : B. These agents overcome the cohesive strength of the tablets and help in dissolution

49. A large amount of binders tends to increase the hardness of tablets.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

50. An example of lubricants will be __________

A. PVP

B. Carbowaxes

C. CMC

D. Tetracycline

Correct : B. Carbowaxes

51. The deleterious effect of various coatings on drug dissolution is shown in orders below. Which one of them is the correct order?

A. Enteric coat > sugar coat > nonenteric film coat

B. Enteric coat > nonenteric film coat > sugar coat

C. Nonenteric film coat > sugar coat > enteric coat

D. Sugar coat > enteric coat > nonenteric film coat

Correct : A. Enteric coat > sugar coat > nonenteric film coat

52. Which of the following will be an example of an organic suspending agent?

A. CMC

B. MC

C. Acacia

D. Carbowaxes

Correct : C. Acacia

53. Which one of these is not a mechanism of the working of surfactants?

A. Promote wetting by increasing the effective surface area

B. Helps in the dissolution of drug

C. Better membrane contact of the drug

D. Decrease membrane permeability

Correct : D. Decrease membrane permeability

54. PABA complex is used for the enhancement of ______________

A. Enhanced chelation

B. Enhanced dissolution

C. Enhanced membrane permeability

D. Enhanced lipophilicity

Correct : D. Enhanced lipophilicity

55. The concentration of colorant does not affect the drug solubility.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

56. Suspending agent and some sugars can be used as viscosity imparters.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

57. According to the pH-partition hypothesis which one of the given options doesn’t govern the absorption?

A. The molecular size of the drug

B. PH at the absorption site

C. Lipid solubility of unionized drugs

D. Dissociation constant

Correct : A. The molecular size of the drug

58. If the pH of either side of the membrane is different, then the compartment whose pH favours greater ionization will have less amount of drug.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

59. Which of the following equations correct for Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak acids?

A. PH = pKa – log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

B. PH = pKa – log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

C. PH = pKa + log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

D. PH = pKa + log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

Correct : C. PH = pKa + log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

60. Which of the following equations correct for Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak bases?

A. PH = pKa – log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

B. PH = pKa – log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

C. PH = pKa + log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

D. PH = pKa + log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

Correct : D. PH = pKa + log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

61. What is the pH range of the stomach?

A. 1-4

B. 5-8

C. 1-3

D. 1-8

Correct : C. 1-3

62. What is the pH range of the intestine?

A. 4-5

B. 1-3

C. 1-8

D. 5-8

Correct : D. 5-8

63. Acids in the pKa range 2.5-7.5 are greatly affected by changes in pH making their absorption pH dependent.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

64. Which one of these is an example of a strong acid drug?

A. Diazepam

B. Ibuprofen

C. Cromolyn

D. Aspirin

Correct : C. Cromolyn

65. Which one of these is not an example of a basic drug with pKa range 5-11?

A. Cromolyn

B. Imipramine

C. Amitriptyline

D. Chloroquine

Correct : A. Cromolyn

66. Example of a drug which has PKa > 11 is ________

A. Cromolyn

B. Imipramine

C. Amitriptyline

D. Mecamylamine

Correct : D. Mecamylamine

67. What should be the range of oil/water partition coefficient of any drug?

A. 1-2

B. 3-4

C. 2-3

D. 1-3

Correct : A. 1-2

68. Ibuprofen a weak acid, in the stomach will be present in which of the given form?

A. Ionized form mostly

B. Non-ionized form mostly

C. Half ionized and half no ionized

D. Will form aggregate

Correct : B. Non-ionized form mostly

69. Nitrazepam a weak base, will be in which form in the stomach?

A. Ionized form mostly

B. Non-ionized form mostly

C. Half ionized and half no ionized

D. Will form aggregate

Correct : A. Ionized form mostly

70. All drugs which are weak acids or acidic in nature will be in a unionized form in the plasma.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

71. Heroin with pKa 7.8 will be in which form in intestinal pH?

A. Ionized form mostly

B. Unionized form mostly

C. Half ionized and half no ionized

D. Will form aggregate

Correct : B. Unionized form mostly

72. Which one of these options is not one of the limitations of pH-partition theory?

A. Presence if virtual membrane pH

B. Absorption of ionized drugs

C. Influence of GI surface area

D. Dissolution rate

Correct : D. Dissolution rate

73. A microclimate pH, different from the luminal pH exists at the membrane surface.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

74. According to the pH-partition theory which form of the drug gets absorbed mostly?

A. Hydrated form

B. Aggregated form

C. Ionised

D. Unionised

Correct : D. Unionised

75. What helps the ionized drug molecules to pass through the cell membrane passively?

A. Different pH

B. Polar group

C. Large lipophilic group

D. Hydration

Correct : C. Large lipophilic group

76. Acidic drugs are best absorbed through the stomach and basic drugs are best absorbed through the intestine.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

77. What could be the reason that irrespective of pH any drug gets absorbed mostly from the intestine?

A. More surface area

B. Long residence time

C. Large surface area and long residence time

D. Large surface area, long residence time, basic pH

Correct : C. Large surface area and long residence time

78. Drug having a small partition coefficient can rapidly penetrate the lipid membrane but diffusion through the unstirred water layer is a rate-limiting step.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

79. What are the major stability problems which result in poor bioavailability of any orally administered drugs?

A. Acidic degradation

B. Degradation by salivary amylase

C. Degradation of the drug in inactive form

D. Interaction with the excipients and degradation in an inactive form

Correct : D. Interaction with the excipients and degradation in an inactive form

80. What is the mean length of GIT?

A. 350 cm

B. 200cm

C. 400cm

D. 450cm

Correct : D. 450cm

81. The entire length of the GI is lined by ___________

A. Blood vessels

B. Nerves

C. Mucopolysaccharides

D. No lining direct contact with the cell

Correct : C. Mucopolysaccharides

82. Which drugs get absorbed in the stomach mostly?

A. Basic drugs

B. Acidic Drugs

C. Neutral drugs

D. No drug gets absorbed in the stomach

Correct : B. Acidic Drugs

83. Which drugs gets mostly absorbed from the mouth?

A. Acidic drugs and lipophilic drugs

B. Lipophilic drugs and neutral drugs

C. Neutral drugs and lipophilic drugs

D. Lipophilic, neutral, basic drugs

Correct : A. Acidic drugs and lipophilic drugs

84. From the surface of villi protrude smaller projection known as __________

A. Microvilli

B. Villus

C. Fingers

D. Cilia

Correct : A. Microvilli

85. Which of the following sentences will be the actual definition of folds of Kerckring?

A. Folds of the intestinal mucosa

B. Finger-like projections whose other name is villi

C. Protruding surface from the villi

D. Cilia over the surface of villi

Correct : A. Folds of the intestinal mucosa

86. Which one of the following is not a characteristic for the small intestine?

A. Peristaltic movement

B. Long transit time

C. High permeability

D. PH 4-9

Correct : D. PH 4-9

87. How can we increase the time of gastric emptying?

A. By drinking a lot of water

B. By taking a drug in empty stomach

C. By taking the drug after food

D. Cannot increase the time of gastric emptying at all

Correct : C. By taking the drug after food

88. What is gastric emptying rate?

A. The time required for the gastric contents to empty into the small intestine

B. Time is taken for half of the contents in the stomach to empty

C. The speed at which the stomach contents empty into the intestine

D. There is no such term

Correct : C. The speed at which the stomach contents empty into the intestine

89. How can we study the gastric emptying of a given drug?

A. By mixing the colour with the drug

B. Waiting for the subject man to throw-up

C. Tagging the drug with a radioisotope and scanning the stomach

D. Waiting for the patient to pass feces

Correct : C. Tagging the drug with a radioisotope and scanning the stomach

90. Up to how much the microvilli in the small intestine increases the relative surface area of the small intestine?

A. 3 times

B. 30 times

C. 100 times

D. 600 times

Correct : D. 600 times

91. What is the main role of the large intestine?

A. Absorption of water and electrolytes

B. Absorption of minerals

C. Absorption of glucose

D. Absorption of only water

Correct : A. Absorption of water and electrolytes

92. The liver is the major site of drug metabolism.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

93. In infants, the gastric pH is quite low.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : B. False

94. The passage from the stomach to the small intestine is called gastric emptying.

A. True

B. False

C. none

D. all

Correct : A. True

95. Which one is the sublingual route?

A. Drug placed between cheek and gum

B. Drug place between the tongue and upper palate

C. Drug placed under the tongue

D. Drug crushed and placed under the tongue

Correct : C. Drug placed under the tongue

96. Which one of the following is the buccal route?

A. Drug placed between cheek and gum

B. Drug place between the tongue and upper palate

C. Drug placed under the tongue

D. Drug crushed and placed under the tongue

Correct : A. Drug placed between cheek and gum

97. Which one of the following is not an advantage of sublingual or buccal administration?

A. Rapid absorption and higher blood levels

B. No first-pass hepatic metabolism

C. No degradation of drugs

D. Limited surface area

Correct : D. Limited surface area

98. Which is the largest organ of the human body?

A. Liver

B. Stomach

C. Skin

D. Lungs

Correct : C. Skin

99. What is the principal barrier for the drugs on the topical application?

A. The Dermis

B. The subcutaneous fat tissue

C. The stratum corneum

D. The blood vessels below the skin

Correct : C. The stratum corneum

100. Which of the following decreasing order of blood flow rate through the muscular tissue is in the right order?

A. Arm > thigh > buttocks

B. Arm > buttocks > thigh

C. Buttocks > thigh > arm

D. Thigh > arm > buttocks

Correct : A. Arm > thigh > buttocks