Correct : D. a set of one or more sequential queries in which generally the result of the inner query is used as the search value in the outer query
2. Which statement is true regarding synonyms?
Correct : C. a public synonym and a private synonym can exist with the same name for the same table
3. The method of access that uses key transformation is called as
Correct : B. hash
4. Why do we need concurrency control on B+ trees ?
Correct : C. to maintain accuracy of index
5. How many techniques are available to control concurrency on B+ trees?
Correct : D. none of the mentioned
6. In crabbing protocol locking
Correct : A. goes down the tree and back up
7. The deadlock can be handled by
Correct : B. restarting the search after releasing the lock
8. In crabbing protocol, the lock obtained on the root node is in mode.
Correct : A. shared
9. If needed to split a node or coalesce it with its siblings, or redistribute key values between siblings, the crabbing protocol locks the parent of the node in mode.
Correct : B. exclusive
10. Instead of locking index leaf nodes in a two-phase manner, some index concurrency- control schemes use on individual key values, allowing other key values to be inserted or deleted from the same leaf.
Correct : C. key-value locking
11. The recovery scheme must also provide
Correct : A. high availability
12. Which one of the following is a failure to a system
Correct : C. transaction failure
13. The system has entered an undesirable state (for example, deadlock), as a result of which a transaction cannot continue with its normal execution. This is
Correct : C. logical error
14. The transaction can no longer continue with its normal execution because of some internal condition, such as bad input, data not found, overflow, or resource limit exceeded. This is
Correct : C. logical error
15. The assumption that hardware errors and bugs in the software bring the system to a halt, but do not corrupt the nonvolatile storage contents, is known as the
Correct : D. fail-stop assumption
16. The database is partitioned into fixed- length storage units called
Correct : B. blocks
17. The log is a sequence of recording all the update activities in the database.
Correct : A. log records
18. In the scheme, a transaction that wants to update the database first creates a complete copy of the database.
Correct : A. shadow copy
19. The scheme uses a page table containing pointers to all pages; the page table itself and all updated pages are copied to a new location.
Correct : B. shadow paging
20. If a transaction does not modify the database until it has committed, it is said to use the technique.
Correct : A. deferred-modification
21. using a log record sets the data item specified in the log record to the old value.
Correct : D. undo
22. In the phase, the system replays updates of all transactions by scanning the log forward from the last checkpoint.
Correct : B. redo
23. The actions which are played in the order while recording it is called history.
Correct : A. repeating
24. A special redo-only log record < Ti, Xj, V1> is written to the log, where V1 is the value being restored to data item Xj during the rollback. These log records are sometimes called
Correct : C. compensation log records
25. In order to reduce the overhead in retrieving the records from the storage space we use
Correct : B. log buffer
26. Writing the buffered log to is sometimes referred to as a log force.
Correct : D. disk
27. The policy, allows a transaction to commit even if it has modified some blocks that have not yet been written back to disk.
Correct : B. no-force
28. policy allows multiple updates to accumulate on a block before it is output to stable storage, which can reduce the number of output operations greatly for frequently updated blocks.
Correct : B. no-force
29. The policy, allows the system to write modified blocks to disk even if the transactions that made those modifications have not all committed.
Correct : C. steal
30. The contains a list of blocks that have been updated in the database buffer.
Correct : C. dirty block
31. The silicon chips used for data processing are called
Correct : D. prom chips
32. Which of the following is used for manufacturing chips?
Correct : D. semiconductor
33. What was the name of the first commercially available microprocessor chip?
Correct : C. intel 4004
34. The magnetic storage chip used to provide non-volatile direct access storage of data and that have no moving parts are known as
Correct : D. magnetic bubble memory
35. The ALU of a computer normally contains a number of high speed storage element called
Correct : B. registers
36. A dump of the database contents is also referred to as an dump.
Correct : A. archival
37. dump, writes out SQL DDL statements and SQL insert statements to a file, which can then be reexecuted to re- create the database.
Correct : C. sql
38. dump schemes have been developed that allow transactions to be active while the dump is in progress.
Correct : B. fuzzy
39. ARIES uses a to identify log records, and stores it in database pages.
Correct : B. log number
40. ARIES supports operations, which are physical in that the affected page is physically identified, but can be logical within the page.
Correct : A. physiological redo
41. is used to minimize unnecessary redos during recovery.
Correct : A. dirty page table
42. scheme that records only information about dirty pages and associated information and does not even require of writing dirty pages to disk.
Correct : C. fuzzy-checkpoint
43. Whenever an update operation occurs on a page, the operation stores the LSN of its log record in the field of the page.
Correct : C. pagelsn
44. The contains a list of pages that have been updated in the database buffer.
Correct : A. dirty page table
45. determines which transactions to undo, which pages were dirty at the time of the crash, and the LSN from which the redo pass should start.
Correct : A. analysis pass
46. starts from a position determined during analysis, and performs a redo, repeating history, to bring the database to a state it was in before the crash.
Correct : B. redo pass
47. rolls back all transactions that were incomplete at the time of crash.
Correct : C. undo pass
48. Which lock should be obtained to prevent a concurrent transaction from executing a conflicting read, insert or delete operation on the same key value.
Correct : A. higher-level lock
49. Once the lower-level lock is released, the operation cannot be undone by using the old values of updated data items, and must instead be undone by executing a compensating operation; such an operation is called
Correct : A. logical operation
50. Which of the following is used for undo operations alone?
Correct : A. logical logging
51. Redo operations are performed exclusively using
Correct : D. both physical logging and physical log records
52. An operation is said to be if executing it several times in a row gives the same result as executing it once.
Correct : A. idempotent
53. Immediate database modification technique uses
Correct : A. both undo and redo
54. Shadow paging has
Correct : A. no redo
55. For correct behaviour during recovery, undo and redo operation must be
Correct : C. idempotent
56. If are not obtained in undo operation it will cause problem in undo- phase.
Correct : B. lower-level lock
57. The remote backup site is sometimes also called the
Correct : B. secondary site
58. The backup is taken by
Correct : C. sending all log records from primary site to the remote backup site
59. When the the backup site takes over processing and becomes the primary.
Correct : C. primary fails
60. The simplest way of transferring control is for the old primary to receive from the old backup site.
Correct : C. primary logs
61. The time to process the remote backup can be reduced by
Correct : D. checkpoints
62. A configuration can make takeover by the backup site almost instantaneous.
Correct : D. spare
63. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
Correct : A. one safe
64. A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary and the backup site. This is
Correct : C. two-very safe
65. If only the primary is active, the transaction is allowed to commit as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
Correct : B. two safe
66. A Database Management System (DBMS) is
Correct : D. All of the above
67. Which of the following is not a Schema?
Correct : C. Critical Schema
68. The number of entities associated in relationship is called as it’s.....................
Correct : B. Degree
69. The DBMS utility...................... allows reconstructing the correct state of database from the backup
and history of transactions.
Correct : B. Recovery
70. In the........... Normal form, a composite attribute is converted to individual attributes.
Correct : A. First
71. In RDBMS, Data is presented as a collection of............
Correct : C. Relations
72. A .................. normal form, normalization will be needed where all attributes in a relation tuple are
not functionally dependent only on the key attribute.
Correct : C. Third
73. To select all columns from the table the syntax is:
Correct : B. Select * from table_name
74. If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key,
normalization called ................ is needed.
Correct : B. BCNF
75. Identify the criteria for designing database from the point of view of user
Correct : D. All of the above
76. The ............ operator preserves unmatched rows of the relations being joined.
Correct : B. Outer join
77. Which are the not user in End-user:
Correct : D. All of these
78. DBMS is a collection of ………….. that enables user to create and maintain a database.
Correct : C. Programs
79. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
Correct : B. Domains
80. In an ER model, ……………. is described in the database by storing its data.
Correct : A. Entity
81. DFD stands for
Correct : C. Data Flow Diagram
82. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
Correct : A. Hierarchical schema
83. ……………… table store information about database or about the system.
Correct : C. System
84. …………..defines the structure of a relation which consists of a fixed set of attribute-domain pairs.
Correct : B. Schema
85. ……………… clause is an additional filter that is applied to the result.
Correct : C. Having
86. A logical schema
Correct : B. is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts.
87. ………………… is a full form of SQL.
Correct : C. Structured query language
88. The candidate key is that you choose to identify each row uniquely is called ……………..
Correct : B. Primary Key
89. …………….. is used to determine whether of a table contains duplicate rows.
Correct : A. Unique predicate
90. To eliminate duplicate rows ……………… is used
Correct : C. DISTINCT
91. State true or false i) A candidate key is a minimal super key. ii) A candidate key can also refer to as surrogate key.
Correct : C. i-true, ii-true
92. DCL stands for
Correct : A. Data Control Language
93. …………………… is the process of organizing data into related tables.
Correct : A. Normalization
94. A ………………. does not have a distinguishing attribute if its own and mostly are dependent entities, which are part of some another entity.
Correct : A. Weak entity
95. …………….. is the complex search criteria in the where clause.
Correct : D. Predicate
96. ………………… is preferred method for enforcing data integrity
Correct : A. Constraints
97. The number of tuples in a relation is called it’s …………. While the number of attributes in a relation is called it’s ………………..
Correct : B. Cardinality, Degree
98. State true or false. i) Select operator is not a unary operator. ii) Project operator chooses subset of attributes or columns of a relation.
Correct : C. i-False, ii-True
99. …………… database is used as template for all databases created.
Correct : B. Model
100. One aspect that has to be dealt with by the integrity subsystem is to ensure that only valid values can
be assigned to each data items. This is referred to as