1. British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte’s work and was noted for her study of social customs in Great Britain and the United States.
Correct : C. Harriet Martineau
2. According to the __________ perspective, society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.
Correct : C. Symbolic interactionist
3. A __________ is anything that meaningfully represents something else and includes signs,
gestures, written language, and shared values.
Correct : A. symbol
4. A physician wears a white lab coat and a stethoscope. The patient sees these as representing Knowledge and authority.
Correct : B. symbols used to define a relationship between individuals.
5. From the symbolic interactionist perspective, each person's interpretation or definition of a given
situation becomes a(n) __________ from that person's viewpoint
Correct : B. Subjective reality
6. According to the __________ perspective, existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications.
Correct : D. postmodern
7. In relation to the study of education in America, __________ would look at the role the schools play in maintaining the social system as a whole; how education provides the young with skills they need later in life; and how it transmits cultural values from one generation to the next.
Correct : C. functionalists
8. In relation to the study of education in America, __________ would emphasize the daily activities within the schools and the various forms of communication between teachers and students. They would also examine the influence of peer groups and look at the reaction when school rules are broken or followed.
Correct : B. symbolic interactionists
9. In relation to the study of homelessness in American society, __________ would look at changing relationships in the family and economic conditions which causes homelessnessamong people who are unable to find jobs and do not have a family support system to fall back on.
Correct : D. functionalists
10. In relation to the study of homelessness in American society, __________ would place emphasis on the struggle between social classes, especially how the policies of the wealthy push certain groups into unemployment and homelessness, and would examine welfare program reform.
Correct : A. conflicttheorists
11. Foucault summarizes the current shifts in historical studies as a new 'interrogation' of what?
Correct : B. The document
12. Which of Foucault's books precede the Archeology of Knowledge?
Correct : C. Madness And civilization ,The order of things and birth of clinic
13. Which is not one of the forms of historical unity that Foucault rejects?
Correct : B. Discursive Unity
14. What is the central historical field addressed by the archeological method?
Correct : A. The history of sciences
15. Which is not one of the four major aspects of discursive regularity to emerge from Foucault's 'four
hypotheses' about discursive unity?
Correct : C. The formation of events
16. Which is not one of the sciences used as an example by Foucault?
Correct : C. Engineering
17. An object of discourse first appears where?
Correct : B. A surface of emergence
18. Foucault's term 'strategies' refers to what aspect of a discourse?
Correct : A. Themes and theories
19. Which term refers to a situation in which two incompatible objects, concepts, or types of enunciation have the same conditions of emergence and try to occupy the same discursive space?
Correct : D. point of diffraction
20. What is the basic element of discourse?
Correct : C. The statement
21. The statement is defined by its what?
Correct : B. Associated field
22. Why is the statement is not reducible to the speech act?
Correct : C. Because materiality does not matter for the statement, but does for the speech act.
23. Which cannot be considered a statement?
Correct : A. A row of typewriter keys
24. The quality of 'material repeatability' applies to what?
Correct : C. Statements only
25. Materiality is important in statements in what sense?
Correct : A. The sense of material institutions
26. What term can be defined as 'the units of meaning that grammar recognizes in a series of signs?'
Correct : A. Sentence
27. What term can be defined as the 'act that produces a group of signs materially?'
Correct : C. Formulation
28. What term can be defined as the 'modality of existence of a series of signs?'
Correct : D. Statement
29. In contrast to the history of ideas, how does the archeological method approach the field of statements?
Correct : B. As a set of 'rarities'
30. For archeology, a discourse is an 'expression' of what?
Correct : C. Nothing
31. Which term has two explicitly different meanings, one in the history of ideas and one in archeology?
Correct : B. Regularity
32. In the history of ideas, which term can serve as both an obstacle to be overcome in the field of discourse and as a founding principle of discourse?
Correct : C. Contradiction
33. On what basis can we analyze the ways in which science is ideological?
Correct : A. On the basis of its discursive relations
34. In the Conclusion, Foucault is accused of being which of the following?
Correct : B. A structuralist
35. Comte's term 'positivism' refers to:
Correct : B. the precise, scientific study of observable phenomena
36. In Marx's theory, the 'mode of production' means:
Correct : C. the organization of a society's technical and human resources
37. Durkheim defined social facts as:
Correct : A. ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are collective and social in origin
38. Weber said that all knowledge is 'value-relevant' because:
Correct : C. theorists interpret the world in terms of their own values
39. The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows: instrumentally-rational,
value-rational, traditional, and...
Correct : A. affectual
40. Structural-Functionalists describe society as:
Correct : D. anormative framework of roles and institutions
41. The pragmatist philosophy used in Symbolic Interactionist theory teaches that:
Correct : B. we can find true, objective knowledge of the world through our senses
42. Dahrendorf, Rex, and Habermas focused their attention on:
Correct : D. power, domination, and conflict
43. The term 'feminist standpoint' suggests:
Correct : A. taking a stand on the issues neglected by feminism
44. Post-modernist writers have argued that:
Correct : A. we live in a world of superficial, fragmented images
45. Conflict sociologists analyze society using the:
Correct : A. Macro analysis approach
46. Conflict sociologists view society as:
Correct : B. Chaotic
47. According to the conflict theory, conflict is created through:
Correct : D. Large groups competing over power
48. Karl Marx viewed ____________ as the source of social inequality:
Correct : C. Capitalism
49. When Karl Marx defined the proletariat and the bourgeoisie classes as:
Correct : A. Workers and the owners in a capitalist society
50. Michelle owns a regional manufacturing company. She has a warehouse, nine trucks, and employs 50
people. What are the warehouses and trucks examples of?
Correct : A. Means of production
51. The main motive of the bourgeoisie class according to Karl Marx:
Correct : B. Profit
52. The belief that capitalism is good for the proletariat class is an example of:
Correct : D. False Consciousness
53. Dominant and minority groups are distinguished by:
Correct : C. Access to power
54. Conflict sociologists view social change as:
Correct : A. Exchange of power between groups
55. Which of the following was Michel Foucault' primary work.
Correct : C. Archaeology of Knowledge
56. From which period is Michel Foucault?
Correct : D. Contemporary
57. Totalitarian regimes typically depend...
Correct : D. on a mixture of power and authority, with more of the former than the latter.
58. Most conservatives believe that...
Correct : C. whatever its origin, authority is necessary because people need to be led and protect
59. Michel Foucault argued that...
Correct : D. power is inherent in all social relations, and is, therefore, impossible to eradicate even though its abuses should always be attacked.
60. On Max Weber's classification, modern governments are increasingly dependent on...
Correct : C. the recognized authority of certain offices of state.
61. What is Stephen Lukes's classic definition of power?
Correct : C. A exercises power over B when A affects B in a manner contrary to B's interests.
62. According to Bachrach and Baratz, 'non-decision making' is...
Correct : D. the ability of powerful groups to prevent certain issues from being discussed
63. It is problematic to argue that people can be made to act against their real interests because...
Correct : A. 'real' interests are subjective and open to endless contestation.
64. The Marxist critique of power in capitalist societies...