1. A change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure is
Correct : B. conformity.
2. Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with social pressure while privately
disagreeing is
Correct : A. compliance.
3. Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is
Correct : D. acceptance.
4. Sherif's study using autokinetic phenomenon suggest
Correct : B. acceptance.
5. An accomplice of the experimenter is
Correct : A. confederate.
6. In Asch's study of conformity involving the length of lines, naïve participants conformed
___ of the time
Correct : C. 37 percent
7. According to the text, the most famous and controversial experiments of social
psychology are
Correct : B. Milgram's obedience experiments.
8. When Milgram moved his experiment from Yale to Bridgeport, the number of people
who complied
Correct : C. decreased from 63 percent to 48 percent.
9. The training of tortures by the military junta in Greece illustrates
Correct : C. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
10. In a study at Penn State, what percentage of students said they would ignore sexist
statements?
Correct : A. 5 percent
11. According to the text, people will nearly always voice their convictions if
Correct : B. if one other person has done so.
12. The extent to which members of a group are bound together is
Correct : C. cohesiveness.
13. Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations is
Correct : C. normative influence.
14. Conformity that results from accepting evidence about reality provided by others is
Correct : A. informational influence.
15. A motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is
Correct : D. reactance.
16. Milly comes from a Black family, has two brothers, and was born in New York. One
parent is a teacher and the other is a postman. If you asked Milly to tell us about herself, she would most likely say she
Correct : B. comes from a Black family.
17. Which country had the highest conformity percentage when Asch's conformity
experiment was conducted overseas?
Correct : C. the Bantu of Zimbabwe
18. Increasing the size of a group from 2 to _____is likely to produce the greatest increase
in conformity.
Correct : A. 5
19. Social psychology is
Correct : A. the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
20. Social psychology _______________________ than personality psychology.
Correct : C. has a shorter history
21. The text states that social psychology
Correct : B. is one important perspective from which we can view and understand ourselves.
22. The text states that values
Correct : A. enter the picture with our choice of research topics.
23. Social representations are
Correct : D. our most important and most unexamined convictions.
24. Naturalist fallacy is
Correct : A. the error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable.
25. Hindsight bias
Correct : C. is the tendency to exaggerate after learning an outcome.
26. A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events is
Correct : A. hypothesis.
27. The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables is
Correct : B. correlational research.
28. The procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal
chance of inclusion is
Correct : D. random sample.
29. The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates is a(n)
Correct : D. independent variable.
30. The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all
persons have the same chance of being in a(n)
Correct : B. random assignment.
31. Mundane realism is
Correct : C. the degree to which an experiment is similar to everyday conditions.
32. An experiment would have experimental realism if it
Correct : A. absorbs and involves its participants.
33. Experimenters standardize their instructions to subjects in order to
Correct : A. minimize demand characteristics.
34. Which is false according to the text. The American and British Psychological Associations
Correct : C. fully explain the experiment before preceding.
35. Informed consent is
Correct : B. an ethical principle.
36. An experimenter manipulates what variable?
Correct : B. independent
37. The three dimensions of attitude are
Correct : B. affect, behavior, and cognition.
38. The procedure that fools people into disclosing their attitudes is
Correct : A. bogus pipeline.
39. In response to external circumstances ___________________ people adjust their
behavior.
Correct : C. self-conscious
40. You can measure attitudes by which of the following techniques?
Correct : A. bogus pipeline
41. The text asserts that the tendency for oppressors to disparage their victims is an example
of
Correct : D. how role playing comes to shape one's self-identity.
42. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a
larger request is the
Correct : D. foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
43. A variation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the
Correct : B. low-ball technique.
44. Salespeople try to prevent customers from canceling their purchases by
Correct : B. having the customer fill out the sales agreement.
45. The text asserts that changing behavior can alter attitudes. Which of the following is an
example?
Correct : A. civil rights legislation
46. The term brainwashing describes what happened to American POWs during which war?
Correct : C. Korean War
47. The theory that states for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear
consistent is
Correct : C. self-presentation theory.
48. The reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external
rewards are lacking is
Correct : B. insufficient justification effect.
49. Cognitive dissonance theory was authored by
Correct : A. Festinger.
50. According to self-perception theory, behavior shapes attitudes
Correct : D. when attitudes are weak and ambiguous.
51. The result of bribing people to do what they already enjoy doing is the
Correct : B. overjustification effect.
52. The degree of attraction among group members relates to the dimension of
Correct : C. cohesiveness.
53. According to the text, which of the following are true of self-perception and cognitive
dissonance theories?
Correct : B. Evidence exists to support both theories.
54. Worldwide, humans spend ________ per day on arms and armies.
Correct : C. $2 billion
55. Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone is
Correct : A. aggression.
56. Killings done by armies is an example of
Correct : C. instrumental aggression.
57. Aggression driven by anger and performed as an end in itself is
Correct : B. hostile aggression.
58. Which of the following is an innate behavior?
Correct : D. fleeing danger
59. According to the text, in what percentage of homicides has the murderer and/or the
victim been drinking?
Correct : C. 65
60. The blocking of goal-directed behavior is
Correct : A. frustration.
61. The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration is
Correct : C. displacement.
62. The perception that one is less well off than others to whom one compares oneself is
Correct : B. relative deprivation.
63. The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating is the
Correct : A. social learning theory.
64. Which of the following is not conductive to aggression?
Correct : C. cool temperatures
65. In a national survey, what percentage of women reported having been forced by a man to
do something sexually?
Correct : B. 22
66. When college males were asked if there were any chance they would rape a woman, "if
you could be assured that no one would know and that you could in no way be punished," what percentage said there was a slim chance?
Correct : C. 33
67. The real danger of "groupthink" is that it
Correct : A. is contagious.
68. Sales rates of Hustler and Playboy were positively correlated with state
Correct : B. rape rates.
69. What is the ratio of Americans who believe in the following statement? Sexual materials
provide an outlet for bottled-up impulses.
Correct : D. 2 to 1
70. Which of the following is true of findings on the catharsis hypothesis?
Correct : B. The calming effect of retaliation seems to occur only in very specific circumstances.
71. A motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests is
Correct : C. altruism.
72. The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards
is
Correct : A. social-exchange theory.
73. A motive to increase one's own welfare is
Correct : D. egoism.
74. According to research by Daniel Batson, altruism may have its basis in feelings of
Correct : B. empathy.
75. An expectation that people will help those who have helped them is
Correct : C. reciprocity norm.
76. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them is
Correct : A. social-responsibility norm.
77. The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the
Correct : B. kin selection.
78. According to the text, one possible reason why people in New York are less helpful is
that
Correct : B. reciprocity does not work as well in big cities as in smaller groups.
79. The finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other people around is
Correct : A. the bystander effect.
80. In Latane and Darley's research involving staging an epileptic seizure, _________
percent of those who thought they were alone and ________ percent of those who thought there were others left the room to seek aid.
Correct : C. 85, 31
81. Researchers had participants working in a room either by themselves or with two strangers. When smoke was pumped into the room through a vent, the solitary participant
Correct : A. noticed the smoke quicker than those in groups.
82. Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism?
Correct : C. guilt
83. How individuals are affected by the presence of others is the focus of study in the field
of
Correct : B. Social psychology.
84. When the Titanic sank, ________ percent of the females and _______ percent of the
males survived.
Correct : C. 70, 20
85. According to the text, a strategy for gaining a concession is the
Correct : D. door-in-the-face technique.
86. From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why
Correct : A. someone risked his life to help a stranger.
87. Calvin asks his mother for ice cream with strawberries and nuts on top. She refuses. He
then asks for a cookie, and she grants his request. Calvin has successfully used the
Correct : C. door-in-the-face technique.
88. Which technique should be taught to children to promote enduring altruistic
tendencies?
Correct : B. Show them Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
89. According to Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is
Correct : D. the norm of reciprocity.
90. Which is a method to reduce prejudice?
Correct : D. mutual interdependence
91. An ongoing pattern of life including such things as language, customs and sex roles is
called
Correct : D. culture.
92. A reference group is
Correct : D. any group whose values and attitudes are seen as relevant to one's own.
93. Studies of conformity indicate that people are more apt to be influenced by others if they
Correct : A. are concerned about the approval of others.
94. Milgram's shock study showed people to be surprisingly
Correct : D. obedient.
95. In his classic studies of conformity, Asch demonstrated that
Correct : C. lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform.
96. Frustration probably encourages aggression because it
Correct : B. raises arousal levels and sensitivity to cues for aggression.
97. The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the
group's
Correct : B. structure.
98. The process of changing your behavior to match that of others in a group is
Correct : C. conformity.
99. Zimbardo interpreted the results of his simulated prison study as an indication of the
Correct : A. powerful influence of roles on people.
100. The __________ hypothesis states that frustration tends to lead to aggression.