History of Human Rights Movements | Set 1
1. Rights for all members of the human family were first articulated in ………………. in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR).
2. Rights for all members of the human family were first articulated in 1948 in
the …………….Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
3. The ……………. articles of the Declaration together form a comprehensive
statement covering economic, social, cultural, political, and civil rights.
4. The Hindu Vedas, the Babylonian Code of……………., the Bible, the Quran
(Koran), and the Analects of Confucius are five of the oldest written sources which address questions of people’s duties, rights, and responsibilities.
5. In addition, the Inca and Aztec codes of conduct and justice and an Iroquois
Constitution were Native …………..sources that existed well before the 18th century.
6. Documents asserting individual rights, such the Magna Carta
7. The English Bill of Rights……………
8. The French Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen
9. The …………….Constitution and Bill of Rights (1791) are the written
precursors to many of today’s human rights documents.
10. In ……… countries established the International Labor Organization (ILO) to
oversee treaties protecting workers with respect to their rights, including their health and safety.
11. Concern over the protection of certain minority groups was raised by the …………………
12. The League floundered because the United States refused to join and
because the League failed to prevent Japan’s invasion of China and Manchuria in …………………..
13. ………….attack on Ethiopia 1935.
14. The Second World War broke out in ………….
15. The extermination by Nazi ……………of over six million Jews, Sinti and
Romani (gypsies), homosexuals, and persons with disabilities horrified the world.
16. Trials were held in …………….and Tokyo after World War II, and officials
from the defeated countries were punished for committing war crimes, "crimes against peace," and "crimes against humanity."
17. The San Francisco meeting that drafted the United Nations Charter in ………………………
18. On December 10, ……………., the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)was adopted by the 56 members of the United Nations.
19. The……………., commonly referred to as the international Magna Carta,
extended the revolution in international law ushered in by the United Nations Charter – namely, that how a government treats its own citizens is now a matter of legitimate international concern, and not simply a domestic issue.
20. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was held in …………
21. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women was held in ……………………..
22. Convention on the Rights of the Child held in ………………
23. African states have created their own Charter of Human and People’s Rights
in …………………
24. Muslim states have created the …………….Declaration on Human Rights in
Islam (1990).
25. NGO activities surrounding the 1995 United Nations Fourth World
Conference on Women in Beijing, …………., drew unprecedented attention to serious violations of the human rights of women.
26. Although human rights are fundamental to all functions of the UN, human
rights issues mainly fall under……………
27. …………….. Develops international labor standards and provides technical
assistance training to governments.
28. …………….Works with other UN bodies, governments, and nongovernmental
organizations to provide community-based services in primary healthcare, basic education, and safe water and sanitation for children in developing countries.
29. …………….Promotes economic and political empowerment of women in
developing countries, working to ensure their participation in development planning and practices, as well as their human rights.
30. ………… Pursues intellectual cooperation in education, science, culture, and
communications and promotes development through social, cultural, and economic projects.
31. ………………… Conducts immunization campaigns, promotes and
coordinates research, and provides technical assistance to countries that are improving their health systems.
32. The UN Security Council, comprising …………..member states, is responsible
for making decisions regarding international peace and security.
33. The ……………… is the administrative arm of the UN, responsible for
overseeing the programs and policies established by the other UN organs.
34. The position of UN High Commissioner on Human Rights, currently held by
Mary Robinson, the former President of…………….., is part of the UN Secretariat.
35. At the International Peace Conference in Hague in ............. over 25 nations
met for ten weeks to codify the laws of war, both on land and at sea.
36. At the Treaty of Versailles in.............., the victors of the First World War convened to negotiate a peace settlement.
37. The League had originally been proposed by the president of the United
States (US)..................., but domestic pressure prevented the US from ever joining.
38. The League of Nations lasted only until..............; it dissolved after it failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II.
39. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the President of the................
40. ......................was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
41. Roosevelt and Churchill signed in the Atlantic Charter while on board the
HMS Prince of Wales on August 14,...............
42. On January 1, ..............., representatives from the 26 Allied nations
gathered in Washington, DC to sign the Declaration by United Nations.
43. The term "United Nations" had been suggested by President...................
44. On February 11, 1945, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and
Premier Joseph Stalin met at ............and announced their resolution to form "a general international organization to maintain peace and security".
45. The San Francisco Conference of ............ propelled the United Nations into
reality.
46. The United Nations officially became an institution with the ratification of
the UN Charter on October 24,...............
47. The UN Headquarters were first established in ...........City on October 24,
1949.
48. The International Court of Justice, the judicial branch of the UN, is based
in................, the Netherlands, and was established in 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations.
49. The position of the High Commissioner for Human Rights was established by
the General Assembly of the United Nations in December...............
50. The post of High Commissioner for Human Rights was first held by
...................of Ecuador.
51. One of the first examples of a codification of laws that contain references to
individual rights is the tablet of……………...
52. British Magna Carta was in the year………………
53. French Declaration of the Rights of Man was in the year…………..
54. American Bill of Rights, ……………….
55. ………………… came up with the ‘social contract theory’, that stated that all
individuals in a society had entered into a contract to form a civilized society in exchange for the government giving them equality.
56. In his book ‘On Liberty’, …………strongly disagrees with utilitarianism, and sees it as a type of tyranny by the majority.
57. Madam Justice ………….was appointed in 1996 by the United Nations Security Council to be the chief prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
58. ……………was able to successfully arrest and convict Jean Kambanda, then
prime minister of Rwanda, for his role in the genocides in 1994.
59. ……………… was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India to Hindu
parents.
60. …………. had an arranged marriage with Kasturbai Makani, when both of
them were 13 years old.
61. ………………. sailed to South Africa as part of his work for a Muslim legal
firm, where he experiences discrimination first hand, and worked to improve the rights of immigrant Indians.
62. In January 1948,………….. was tragically killed by an assassin opposed to his belief in passive resistance, and tolerance of all people.
63. Martin Luther King Jr.was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement in ……………… during the mid 20th century.
64. ……………was elected leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association,
which boycotted the transit system in Alabama to combat racial segregation.
65. Martin Luther King Jr organized the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference to publicize the need for civil rights in…………….
66. Martin Luther King Jr was also instrumental in bringing forth the passage of
the Civil Rights Act in ………………..
67. …………….. was a member of the Royal Irish Academy and the International
Commission of Jurists in Geneva from 1987 to 1990.
68. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the president of ………………..
69. Eleanor Roosevelt was First Lady from 1933 to 1945, wife to …………
70. Aung San Suu Kyi was born in…………….
71. Aung San Suu Kyi’s father was the de facto prime minister of……………., and
was murdered when she was two years old.
72. Horrified by the brutal atrocities commited by the military leader Ne Win
against protesters, ……………..formed the National League for Democracy, advocating non violent protest for human rights.
73. The atrocities of The Holocaust, culminated in the adoption of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights in ................by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948.
74. The term human rights probably came into use sometime between
Paine's The Rights of Man and ................ 1831 writings in The Liberator, in which he stated that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of human rights".
75. William Wilberforce in ................worked towards the abolition of slavery.
76. This was achieved in the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act 1807 and
the Slavery Abolition Act was passed in British Empire in................
77. At the 1945 .............. Conference, the Allied Powers agreed to create a new
body to supplant the League's role; this was to be the United Nations.
78. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the
United Nations General Assembly in............., partly in response to the atrocities of World War II.
79. The UDHR was framed by members of the Human Rights Commission, with
former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt as Chair, who began to discuss an International Bill of Rights in................
80. In............., the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations.
81. The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a
result of efforts by ..............., the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
82. The United Nations Human Rights Council, created at the ............... World
Summit to replace the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, has a mandate to investigate violations of human rights.
83. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United
Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in ........................
84. The Human Rights Act 1998 (also known as the Act or the HRA) came into
force in the United Kingdom in October...............
85. On 10 December 1948 in.............., the General Assembly of the UnitedNations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
86. In Britain key developments include the Magna Carta of............., the Habeas
Corpus Act of 1679 and the Bill of Rights of 1689.
87. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted in............... This is monitored by the UN Human Rights Committee.
88. Slavery Abolition Act …………. effectively banned slavery in the British
Empire
89. ................was one of Britain’s great social reformers.
90. ..................... died in 1833, just three days before Parliament passed the
Slavery Abolition Act 1833, which effectively banned slavery in the British Empire.
91. ......................was born in Hull, to a wealthy family.
92. It was at Cambridge that .................became friends with William Pitt the
younger.
93. William Pitt was the Prime Minister of..................
94. Slave Trade Act was passed in British Empire in ……….
95. On 26 July................, the Slavery Abolition Act was passed – outlawing
slavery in most parts of the British Empire.
96. ........... was born on 24 August 1759 in Hull, the son of a wealthy merchant.
97. In ................. Wilberforce became Member of Parliament for Hull, later
representing Yorkshire.
98. ............... retired from politics in 1825 and died on 29 July 1833, shortly
after the act to free slaves in the British Empire passed through the House of Commons.
99. While the term 'civil war' generically refers to a war within the nation, it
has now become synonymous to the American Civil War - also known as the War Between the States – of................, which was fought between the United States of America (Union) and the Confederate States of America (Confederacy).
100. The American Civil War started on 12th April, .............., and came to an
end on 9th April, 1865, thus lasting for four years and resulting in heavy loss of life and property.