Early India- State to Empire | Set 2
1. ……. was a tribute or booty which eventually became a tax on land.
2. ……. means a share.It was normally applied to the produce of the land
3. In the early period the ………… was often called as the ‘Bhagadugha’
which means those who milks the share.
4. The literary sources like the Sama, Yajur and the Atharva Vedas, the
Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, the Upanishads etc.throw light on the ………… life and culture of the later Vedic period.
5. The Kurus occupied ………… and the upper portions of doab,the area
called Kurushetra or the land of the Kurus.
6. Gradually the Kurus merged with Panchalas,which occupied the
7. The ……….. period witnessed a transformation of the pastoral society
to a sedentary agrarian society.
8. The hymn in the later portion of the …………. for the first time
describes the origin of the four varnas.
9. The ………………. formed the priestly class.
10. The …………….. in trade and agriculture.
11. The ……………. formed the lowest section of the Varna society.
12. The later Vedic text Aitereya Brahmana mentioned the worst position
13. The term ‘Jana’ used in the …………….. age to denote the tribe or
people, paved for the emergence of ‘Janapatha’ which meant the area where the tribe settled.
14. By the …………….. century B.C. the use of iron had become
widespread in Eastern U.P. and Western Bihar which facilitated the formation of the large territorial state.
15. In the age of the ……………., 16 large states called Mahajanapadas
were flourishing in North India.
16. The period from the 6th century B.C. onwards witnessed the
emergence of the cities in ancient India for the second time, the first being the ……………. cities.
17. Magadha came into prominence under the leadership of Bimbisara
who belonged to the …………… dynasty.
18. The most notable achievement of Bimbisara was the annexation of the
neighbouring kingdom of Anga which had its capital at Champa near ………..
19. Magadha’s most serious rival was Avanti with its capital at ………….
20. ……………. strengthened Rajagriha and built a small fort, Pataligrama
21. Ajatasatru was succeeded by his son …………… (460-444 B.C.).
22. The …………. Ware culture is identified by its distinctive pottery.
23. The first NBP Ware was discovered from …………….. in 1930.
24. The ……………. have identified two phases of NBP culture, the first
being the formative one and the second being the mature one.
25. The principle of Varnasrama Dharma is one of the basic principles of ….………..
26. In Purusha-Sukta of the ………………, there is reference to the division
of Hindu society into four classesnamely the Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and the Sudras.
27. The 6th century B.C witnessed the rise of great spiritual leaders like
Zoraster in Persia,Confucious and Leo-Tse in ………….., Isiah in Palestine and Heracletes in Greece.
28. The most important cause of the rise of new religions in the ………….. century B.C. was the decay of the Vedic religion.
29. The …………. as priests and teachers claimed the highest status in
society.
30. The Jain tradition regards ………….. as the founder of Jainism.
31. The 23rd Thirthankara, ………………. was a historical figure.
32. Parswanath was the fore- runner of ………., the founder of historical
Jainism.
33. Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th Thirthankara of …… was a Kshatriya
of high position.
34. Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundala grama at …… in 540B.C.
35. Vardhamana Mahavira married …… and a daughter was born to him.
36. Vardhamana Mahavira attained Nirvana at the age of 72 at Pava in
37. …………… taught that the Salvation is possible by the observance of
the three Jewels (three ratnas) viz, Right knowledge, Right belief and Right conduct.
38. By the end of the 4th century B.C. there appeared a great division
among the followers of ………….. one section came to be known as ‘Digambaras’.The other section known as Swethambaras.
39. According to the Jain accounts a terrible famine ravaged North India
in the time of ……………… and lasted for twelve years.
40. Half of the Jain community lead by their saints Badrabahu moved and
41. Chandra Gupta Maurya attained Nirvana by slow starvation and
death, having become a …………… Monk.
42. When the famine ended, the emigrants came back to the North and
found that the Jains who remained in North India had given up their original strict Jain way of life.They were condemned by the followers of ………………. as heretics.
43. Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism was the son of
44. One day as he was sitting under the Bodhi tree at ………….. and
meditating, enlightenment dawned upon him and thus he became the Buddha or the enlightened one.
45. Gautama Buddha passed away at the age of 80 at Kusi nagara in …………..
46. Buddha preached his followers the ……………. ‘Noble Truths’
concerning sorrow, the cause of sorrow, the destruction of sorrow and the ways removing of sorrow.
47. According to ……………… the ‘Noble Eight fold path’ is the means to
over come desire and get liberation from birth and rebirth.
48. The Eight Fold path of ………….. is also called the’ Middle path’.
49. Buddhism spread far and wide under ………….. patronage.
50. After the ………….. period reaction set in against Buddhism and it was
divided into Hinayanism and Mahayanism.
51. The Hinayanists followed the original teachings of ………….. without
any fundamental change.
52. The ……………. are a collection of philosophical texts which form the
theoretical basis for theHindu religion.
53. The term ‘Gahapathi’ occurs in the …………….. literature in the sense
of the head of a household.
54. The …………… ‘Anguttara Nikaya’ describes the society consisting of
three states; Brahmana, Kshatriya and Gahapathi.
55. The word ‘Gramani’ appears in both …………. and early Pali literature.
56. ‘Vanik’ is the ………….. word for the traders in ancient India.
57. The French Revolution was in the year of ..................
58. The original belief that one who is sick cannot cure others came to be
radically transformed by the bodhisattva ideal, which appeared in the later phase of Buddhism known as …………….
59. Magadha has risen to authority during the reigns of Bimbisara (544 to
491 BC) and his son Ajatashatru (491 to 460 BC) of ……. Dynasty.
60. Bimbisara ruled his domain from the city of Rajagriha, now known as
Rajgir, near Gaya in the state of ………………...
61. ……………..was the last powerful king of Shishunaga Dynasty who
established a fort at Pataliputra now known as Patna.
62. Udayan was the last noticeable but not so powerful king of ………..
63. The Nandas were the successors of the ……………...
64. The founder of the …………. dynasty was Mahapadma Nanda.
65. Mahapadma Nanda was described as the son of the last ……… king
Mahanandin by a sudra woman.
66. The last of ruler of the Nanda dynasty was ………….., a contemporary
of Alexander.
67. ……… who overthrew the Nanda dynasty with the help of a crafty
Brahmin statesman, Kautilya.
68. Maurya Dynasty was ruled into the state of Magadha from the capital
69. The Mauryan dynasty had disintegrated in ………… by Pushyamitra
Sunga.
70. ………………. is an important treatise on the polity and administration
of the Mauryan times written by Kautilya who was also known as Chanakya.
71. ……… was a friend, guide and philosopher to Chandra Gupta Maurya.
72. ‘Indica’ is the accounts on India prepared by …………….
73. Megasthenese stayed at the …………… court and noted down his
reflections on the then Indian society.
74. The Brahmi script which was a riddle for a long time was deciphered
by ……………… in 1837.
75. James Princep was a civil servant of the English East India Company
in ………….. and the secretary of the Asiatic society.
76. Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan dynasty overthrew
the last Nanda king and occupied his capital …………. in 321 B.C.
77. The first attempt of Chandragupta towards political integration was
his war with ………….., the ruler of the area, west of the Indus.
78. The statement about the abdication of the throne by Chandragupta
and his migration to Sravanabalgola in ………….. as a Jaina Monk, shows the influence of the Mauryas in the South.
79. ………………, the son and successor of Chandragupta is said to have
subjugated kings and Nobles of about 16 cities and became the master of the territory which lay between Eastern and Western sea.
80. Since ………….. is credited to have conquered Kalinga only, extension
of the Mauryan Empire beyond river Tungabadra is done by his predecessors.
81. The Mauryan control of Deccan and Mysore Plateau must have been
made a reality by …………...
82. The process of political integration was completed with the conquest of
Kalinga by …………. and thus the Mauryan empire was formed.
83. ……………. (322-298 B.C.) was the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
84. With the help of his Prime Minister Kautilya, ………… reorganized the
whole administration.
85. As regards the legislative functions, the king has been described by ……………… as “Dharma Parivartak”.
86. The Greek Ambassador ……… had given a very detailed description of
the Mauryan Municipal arrangement, which was very excellent.
87. The institution of the Dharma Mahamatras was started by ………...
88. The ‘Arthasastra’ of ………… and several other ancient Indian texts
put forward the ‘Saptanga theory of state’.
89. …………. policy of Dhamma or Dharma had earned him the credit of
being considered as one of the greatest kings of the ancient world.
90. ………… had appointed a special group of officers called ‘Dharma
Mahamatras’to propogate Dharma among the people including women.
91. ………….. conducted ‘Dharma Yathras’ in the empire along with his
officials in order to propagate Dharma.
92. …………., the emissary said to have been sent by Asoka to Sri Lanka
and converted the ruler of that country into Buddhism.
93. Buddhist texts mentioned about the visit of …………., the daughter of
Asoka to Sri Lanka for the spread of the principle of Dharma.
94. The last Mauryan ruler ………. was murdered by his Brahmin general
Pushyamitra Sunga, who founded the Sunga dynasty in 184 B.C.
95. …………. were the huge stone slabes erected over the burials.
96. The culture in which huge stone slabes were used encircle burial
places was called the ……………… culture.
97. In the ……………… age Kerala was a part of Tamilakam.
98. The Sangam literature divided the land into …………. regions or Tinai
on the basis of soil formation and Topography.
99. …………. was Hilly and Forest regions.
100. ………….. was pastoral and jungle areas.